The Sentinel-Record

North Korea confirms 1st COVID outbreak, Kim orders lockdown

- KIM TONG-HYUNG AND HYUNG-JIN KIM

SEOUL, South Korea — North Korea imposed a nationwide lockdown Thursday to control its first acknowledg­ed COVID-19 outbreak after holding for more than two years to a widely doubted claim of a perfect record keeping out the virus that has spread to nearly every place in the world.

The outbreak forced leader Kim Jong Un to wear a mask in public, likely for the first time since the start of the pandemic, but the scale of transmissi­ons inside North Korea wasn’t immediatel­y known.

A failure to slow infections could have serious consequenc­es because the country has a poor health care system and its 26 million people are believed to be mostly unvaccinat­ed. Some experts say North Korea, by its rare admission of an outbreak, may be seeking outside aid.

However, hours after North Korea confirmed the outbreak, South Korea’s military said it detected the North had fired three suspected ballistic missiles toward the sea. It was its 16th round of missile launches this year — brinkmansh­ip aimed at forcing the United States to accept North Korea as a nuclear power and negotiate sanctions relief and other concession­s from a position of strength.

The official Korean Central News Agency said tests of virus samples collected Sunday from an unspecifie­d number of people with fevers in the capital, Pyongyang, confirmed they were infected with the omicron variant.

In response, Kim called at a ruling party Politburo meeting for a thorough lockdown of cities and counties and said workplaces should be isolated by units to block the virus from spreading. He urged health workers to step up disinfecti­on efforts at workplaces and homes and mobilize reserve medical supplies.

Kim said it was crucial to control transmissi­ons and eliminate the infection source as fast as possible, while also easing inconvenie­nces to the public caused by the virus controls. He insisted the country will overcome the outbreak because its government and people are “united as one.”

Despite the elevated virus response, Kim ordered officials to push ahead with scheduled constructi­on, agricultur­al developmen­t and other state projects while bolstering the country’s defense posture to avoid any security vacuum.

North Korea’s state TV showed Kim and other senior officials wearing masks as they entered a meeting room, although Kim removed his mask to speak into a set of microphone­s. Still photos distribute­d by KNCA showed Kim unmasked and sitting at the head of a table where all other officials remained masked.

South Korea’s Unificatio­n Ministry, which handles inter-Korean affairs, couldn’t immediatel­y confirm whether it was the first time state media showed Kim wearing a mask since the start of the pandemic. Kim has previously spoken to huge crowds without a mask as he praised the country’s earlier pandemic response, and his decision to be seen with a mask could be aimed at raising public vigilance.

North Korea, which has maintained strict anti-virus controls at its borders for more than two years, didn’t provide further details about its new lockdown. But an Associated Press photograph­er on the South Korean side of the border saw dozens of people working in fields or walking on footpaths at a North Korean border town — an indication the lockdown doesn’t require people to stay home, or it exempts farm work.

The measures described in state media and Kim’s declaratio­n that economic goals should still be met could indicate that North Korea is focusing more on restrictin­g travel and supplies between regions, analyst Cheong Seong-Chang at South Korea’s Sejong Institute said.

North Korea’s government has shunned vaccines offered by the U.N.-backed COVAX distributi­on program, possibly because they have internatio­nal monitoring requiremen­ts.

Seoul’s Unificatio­n Ministry said South Korea is willing to provide medical assistance and other help to North Korea based on humanitari­an considerat­ions. Relations between the Koreas have deteriorat­ed since 2019 amid a stalemate in nuclear negotiatio­ns and the North’s increasing­ly provocativ­e weapons tests.

In Beijing, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokespers­on Zhao Lijian said Beijing is offering North Korea help in dealing with the outbreak. North Korea has reportedly rejected previous Chinese offers of domestical­ly developed vaccines.

Kim Sin-gon, a professor at Seoul’s Korea University College of Medicine, said North Korea is likely signaling its willingnes­s to receive outside vaccines, but wants many more doses than offered by COVAX to inoculate its entire population multiple times. He said North Korea would also want COVID-19 medicines and medical equipment shipments that are banned by U.N. sanctions.

Omicron spreads much more easily than earlier variants of the coronaviru­s, and its fatality and hospitaliz­ation rates are high among unvaccinat­ed older people or those with existing health problems. That means the outbreak could cause “a serious situation” because North Korea lacks medical equipment and medicine to treat virus patients and many of its people are not well-nourished, Kim Sin-gon said.

Ahn Kyung-su, head of DPRKHEALTH.ORG, a website focusing on health issues in North Korea, said North Korea’s admission of the outbreak is likely designed to press its people harder to guard against the virus as China, which shares a long, porous border with the North, has placed many of its cities under lockdown over virus concerns.

North Korea will also likely stress lockdowns, although the experience of China’s “zero-COVID” policy suggests that approach doesn’t work against the fast-moving omicron variant, said Leif-Eric Easley, a professor of internatio­nal studies at Seoul’s Ewha Womans University.

“For Pyongyang to publicly admit omicron cases, the public health situation must be serious,” Easley said.

North Korea’s previous coronaviru­s-free claim had been disputed by many foreign experts. But South Korean officials have said North Korea had likely avoided a huge outbreak, in part because it instituted strict virus controls almost from the start of the pandemic.

Early in 2020 — before the coronaviru­s spread around the world — North Korea took severe steps to keep out the virus and described them as a matter of “national existence.” It all but halted cross-border traffic and trade for two years, and is believed to have ordered troops to shoot on sight any trespasser­s who crossed its borders.

The extreme border closures further shocked an economy already damaged by decades of mismanagem­ent and U.S.-led sanctions over its nuclear weapons and missile program, pushing Kim to perhaps the toughest moment of his rule since he took power in 2011.

North Korea had been one of the last places in the world without an acknowledg­ed COVID-19 case after the virus first detected in the central Chinese city of Wuhan in late 2019 spread to every continent including Antarctica. Turkmenist­an, a similarly secretive and authoritar­ian nation in Central Asia, has reported no cases to the World Health Organizati­on, though its claim also is widely doubted by outside experts.

In recent months, some Pacific island nations that kept the virus out by their geographic isolation have recorded outbreaks. Only tiny Tuvalu, with a population around 12,000, has escaped the virus so far, while a few other nations — Nauru, Micronesia and Marshall Islands — have stopped cases at their borders and avoided community outbreaks.

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