Train project said to threaten archaeological sites

MEXICO CITY — A prehistoric human skeleton has been found in a cave system that was flooded at the end of the last ice age 8,000 years ago, according to a cave-diving archaeologist on Mexico’s Caribbean coast.

Archaeologist Octavio del Rio said he and fellow diver Peter Broger saw the shattered skull and skeleton partly covered by sediment in a cave near where the Mexican government plans to build a high-speed tourist train through the jungle.

Given the distance from the cave entrance, the skeleton couldn’t have gotten there without modern diving equipment, so it must be over 8,000 years old, Del Rio said, referring to the era when rising sea levels flooded the caves.

“There it is. We don’t know if the body was deposited there or if that was where this person died,” Del Rio said. He said the skeleton was located about 26 feet underwater, about one third of a mile into the cave system.

Some of the oldest human remains in North America have been discovered in the sinkhole caves known as “cenotes” on the country’s Caribbean coast, and experts say some of those caves are threatened by the Mexican government’s Maya Train tourism project.

Del Rio, who has worked with the National Institute of Anthropology and History on projects in the past, said he had notified the institute of the discovery. The institute did not immediately respond to questions about whether it intended to explore the site.

But Del Rio said Tuesday that institute archaeologist Carmen Rojas told him the site was registered and would be investigated by the institute’s Quintana Roo state branch Holocene Archaeology Project.

He stressed that the cave — whose location he did not reveal because of a fear the site could be looted or disturbed — was near where the government has cut down a swath of jungle to lay train tracks, and could be collapsed, contaminated or closed off by the building project and subsequent development.

“There is a lot more study that has to be done in order to correctly interpret” the find, Del Rio said, noting that “dating, some kind of photographic studies and some collection” would be needed to determine exactly how old the skeleton is.

Del Rio has been exploring the region for three decades, and in 2002, he participated in the discovery and cataloguing of remains known as The Woman of Naharon, who died around the same time, or perhaps earlier, than Naia — the nearly complete skeleton of a young woman who died around 13,000 years ago. It was discovered in a nearby cave system in 2007.

President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador is racing to finish his Maya Train project in the remaining two years of his term over the objections of environmentalists, cave divers and archaeologists.

They say his haste will allow little time to study the ancient remains.

Activists say the heavy, high-speed rail project will fragment the coastal jungle and will run often above the fragile limestone caves, which — because they’re flooded, twisty and often incredibly narrow — can take decades to explore.

Caves along part of the coast already have been damaged by construction above them, with cement pilings used to support the weight above.

The 950-mile Maya Train line is meant to run in a rough loop around the Yucatan Peninsula, connecting beach resorts and archaeological sites.

The most controversial stretch cuts a more than 68-mile swath through the jungle between the resorts of Cancun and Tulum.

Del Rio said the route through the jungle should be abandoned and the train should be built over the already-impacted coastal highway between Cancun and Tulum, as was originally planned.

Lopez Obrador abandoned

“What we want is for them to change to route at this spot, because of the archaeological finds that have been made there, and their importance.” — Archaeologist Octavio del Rio

the highway route after hotel owners voiced objections, and cost and traffic interruptions became a concern.

“What we want is for them to change to route at this spot, because of the archaeological finds that have been made there, and their importance,” Del Rio said. “They should take the train away from there and put it where they said they were going to build before, on the highway … an area that has already been affected, devastated.”

(File Photo/AP/Mexico’s National Institute of Anthropology and History) Scuba divers explore the Hoyo Negro underwater cave in Tulum, Quintana Roo state, Mexico, where a skeleton almost 13,000 years old of a prehistoric young woman was found. The Mexican government invoked national security powers on July 18 to forge ahead with a tourist train along the Caribbean coast, while activists warn the high-speed rail project will fragment the coastal jungle and run above the roofs of fragile limestone “cenotes”.

(File Photo/AP/Eduardo Verdugo)* A bulldozer clears forest Aug. 2 for the path of the Maya Train in Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo state, Mexico.

(AP/Peter Broger) Aquatic archaeologist Octavio del Rio films a prehistoric human skeleton partly covered by sediment Sept. 10 in an underwater cave in Tulum, Mexico.

(AP/Octavio del Rio) Fragments of a prehistoric human skeleton are seen Sept. 10 in an underwater cave in Tulum.

Environmental activist Guillermo D. Christy walks Aug. 2 toward an idle bulldozer parked on a path through the forest being cleared for the Maya Train in Akumal, Quintana Roo state, Mexico. (File Photo/AP/Eduardo Verdugo)

(File Photo/AP/Marco Ugarte) Mexican President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador speaks Sept. 1 during his State of the Nation address at the National Palace in Mexico City. Lopez Obrador is racing to finish his Maya Train project in the remaining two years of his term over the objections of environmentalists, cave divers and archaeologists.