How are these attacks carried out?

It’s still not known for sure, but the general consensus is that the attacks involve targeted radio frequency energy, a type of radiation that includes microwaves. A team of experts from the National Academies of Sciences convened by the State Department concluded in a report released in December that “directed, pulsed radio frequency energy” was “the most plausible mechanism” to explain the syndrome. Some skeptics have suggested mass hysteria is behind the symptoms, pointing out that no known directed-energy weapon exists and that there’s not even a solid theory about how one might work. “All the available science suggests that any such weapon would be wildly impractical,” wrote Cheryl Rofer, a former chemist at Los Alamos National Laboratory, in Foreign Policy last month. “No evidence has been offered to support the existence of this mystery weapon.”