USA TODAY International Edition

Will Trump ever be held accountabl­e?

Courts are no surefire Senate backstop

- Michael J. Stern Michael J. Stern, a member of USA TODAY’s Board of Contributo­rs, was a federal prosecutor for 25 years in Detroit and Los Angeles.

Ask any die- hard Democrat their most vivid political fantasy and, if they’re honest, they will describe former President Donald Trump behind bars in an orange jumpsuit. That’s not as outlandish as “I’d like a date with Jennifer Aniston” because Trump spent four years exploding the heads of prosecutor­s, ethicists and decent human beings with an unbroken chain of corruption that would make imprisonme­nt near certain for most ordinary people.

But if 2020’ s lesson in criminal justice was the deadly disparity between the treatment of Black and white Americans, 2021 is going to be all about the disparity between the powerful and everyone else. Nothing will illustrate that better than the events about to unfold around Trump’s role in the Jan. 6 attack on the U. S. Capitol.

Federal laws make it illegal for someone to incite “any rebellion or insurrecti­on against the authority of the United States”; agree with others to use force “to prevent, hinder, or delay the execution of any law of the United States”; impede “any official proceeding” before Congress; or intentiona­lly disrupt “the orderly conduct of Government business” by engaging in “disruptive conduct” near a restricted building.

‘ Provoked’ means incited

Others have effectively detailed how Trump fraudulent­ly attempted to convince his supporters that the presidenti­al election was stolen; how he leveraged congressio­nal surrogates to amplify an illicit scheme to maintain presidenti­al power; and how he doused rhetorical hot sauce on an angry mob that converged on Washington to do whatever was necessary to stop the final electoral vote count that would declare Joe Biden the president- elect.

Trump’s culpabilit­y for an insurrecti­on that breached the heart of American democracy was aptly summarized by Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell, a longtime Trump ally: “The mob was fed lies. They were provoked by the president.”

McConnell’s “provoked” and the federal insurrecti­on statute’s “incited” sound an awful lot like one another.

And to those who think that Trump is in the clear because he did not march with the mob to the Capitol, like he promised, there is a federal law that says someone who “counsels, commands, ( or) induces” others to commit a crime is just as guilty as the people who physically commit the crime.

America’s first crack at holding Trump accountabl­e will start with this week’s Senate trial based on the House impeachmen­t article charging Trump with “incitement of insurrecti­on.”

Will DOJ indict?

But the writing is already on the wall: 45 Republican senators recently voted to hold no impeachmen­t trial at all, based on the unsupporte­d position that a former president cannot be impeached. This all but ensures that Democrats will fail to get the 17 GOP votes needed to convict Trump and disqualify him from future public office.

Once Trump’s Senate fraternity brothers and sorority sisters give him a pass, the real question is whether the Department of Justice will conduct a full investigat­ion into the many Trump activities that appear criminal — from the campaign finance fraud payoff to Stormy Daniels, to the extortion of Ukraine’s president tying American financial aid to manufactur­ed political dirt on Biden, to the Capitol attack that ended in the deaths of five people.

More important, will DOJ indict Trump if the evidence supports it?

Biden and his attorney general are going to want to make a clean break from anything that could be construed as Biden enlisting DOJ to assist in a payback vendetta. Biden must assure the public that his attorney general will erect a barrier between the White House and any investigat­ion of Trump. Then, the attorney general must appoint an independen­t special prosecutor, preferably a Republican, to handle any Trump investigat­ion.

Jury might not convict

There will likely be ample evidence to indict Trump. He was already named as “Individual 1,” an unindicted co- conspirato­r in the New York U. S. attorney’s campaign finance prosecutio­n of his former personal attorney, Michael Cohen. And Trump was regularly churning out damning evidence himself, like being caught on a recorded telephone call asking Georgia’s secretary of state to “find 11,780 votes” so he could beat Biden’s 11,779- vote lead. Trump’s criminal culpabilit­y in that instance was so blatant, former Attorney General Eric Holder tweeted the text of the federal law it violated.

But the schoolbook ideal of a criminal investigat­ion and the reality are often not the same. It is one thing for DOJ to risk losing an ordinary case that will go unnoticed. It’s quite another to lose a case on the world stage against a former U. S. president. This will color considerat­ion of a Trump indictment and ratchet up the quantum of proof required to bring a criminal case.

The Justice Manual says a prosecutio­n should begin when there is sufficient evidence to “obtain … a conviction.” But in any case against Trump that proceeds to trial, at least one of the 12 jurors may be a Trump supporter capable of blocking a conviction, no matter how strong the evidence. In cases like this, the Justice Manual allows, though does not require, prosecutio­n.

Squandered second chance

This discretion often means prosecutor­s demand more evidence before prosecutin­g a politician or celebrity for the same conduct that would bring swift charges against an ordinary citizen. Case in point: About 190 Capitol rioters have been indicted, while Trump is boning up on his golf game in Florida.

We saw this type of “caution” play out with special counsel Robert Mueller, whose report was bursting with evidence of Trump’s obstructio­n in the Russia investigat­ion. DOJ precedent meant Mueller was never going to indict Trump. Yet he would not even publicly opine on the task he was hired to perform: Determine whether Trump should be indicted when he left office.

Prosecutor­s considerin­g a Trump indictment will be concerned that if the notoriety of the defendant overshadow­s the evidence, a widely publicized acquittal could undercut the deterrent value of prosecutio­ns across the country. That’s not to say that there will be no prosecutio­n of Trump. The Justice Department has a history of doing the right thing and taking tough cases.

Whether Trump adds “convicted felon” to his biography is uncertain. What is certain is that Senate Republican­s are on course to blow past the impeachmen­t exit ramp — squanderin­g their second opportunit­y to protect American democracy from the man who brought it to its knees.

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