Black national anthem could become the national hymn
Bill would elevate “Lift Every Voice and Sing’
WASHINGTON – U.S. Rep. James Clyburn, D-S.C., wants a song about faith and resilience long revered in the Black community to become the national hymn and help unite the country after centuries of racial turmoil.
Clyburn, the House majority whip, plans to introduce a measure as early as this week that would make “Lift Every Voice and Sing,” known as the Black national anthem, the national hymn and give it a special place alongside the country’s anthem, “The Star-Spangled Banner.”
“To make it a national hymn, I think, would be an act of bringing the country together. It would say to people, ‘You aren’t singing a separate national anthem, you are singing the country’s national hymn,’” said Clyburn, the highest-ranking Black American in Congress. “The gesture itself would be an act of healing. Everybody can identify with that song.”
The song is an important part of African American culture and history. For decades, it has been sung in Black communities at school plays, awards programs, graduations and church services. Clyburn said it’s time for it to be sung in other communities.
The push comes at a time of social unrest, protests over police killings of unarmed Black men and women and the devastating impact of the coronavirus on communities of color. It also comes on the heels of a deadly attack by supporters of President Donald Trump on the U.S. Capitol. Five people, including a Capitol Police officer, died.
Some experts and historians said the legislative push would do little to address systemic problems plaguing communities of color.
“It’s symbolically notable for Black people, but in the larger scheme of things, this isn’t going to put food on people’s table, it’s not going to increase people’s pay,” said Michael Fauntroy, a political scientist at Howard University in Washington.
Fauntroy said he worries some people, particularly African Americans, can overstate the importance of symbolic victories and substitute them for more structural changes.
Clyburn said the effort is far more than symbolic, saying he aims to add weight to it as a national hymn. “It’s a very popular song that is steeped in the history of the country,” he said.
Song comes out of history of pain
“Lift Every Voice and Sing” was written as a poem by James Weldon Johnson, an NAACP leader, in 1899 and put to music by his brother, John Rosamond Johnson. It was first performed in public by school children in 1900 at a birthday celebration honoring President Abraham Lincoln, according to the NAACP.
The NAACP adopted it as its official song.
Clyburn said, “I’ve always been skittish” about its early label as the “Negro national anthem.”
“We should have one national anthem, irrespective of whether you’re Black or white,” he said. “So to give due honor and respect to the song, we ought to name it the national hymn.”
The song was written during another tumultuous period for African Americans, said Howard Robinson, an archivist at Alabama State University and a member of the steering committee for ASU’s National Center for the Study of Civil Rights and African-American Culture.
Black Americans were being lynched. Jim Crow laws were entrenched.
“The song does not romanticize America’s past,” Robinson said, referring to lyrics such as “full of the faith that the dark past has taught us.”
Robinson also noted optimism in lyrics such as “the hope that the present has brought us.”
“This song speaks to the people who suffered through the chastening rod,” he said. “I think that the song is a different look at America, is a more critical look at America while at the same time being optimistic about our present and future.”
Black Lives Matter protests over racial injustice and inequities resonated last summer in America and around the world. The song was sung at some of those protests.
The NFL announced last year that it would play “Lift Every Voice and Sing” and “The Star-Spangled Banner” before Week 1 games.
Over the years, many celebrities, including Beyoncé, have performed the song. The Rev. Joseph Lowery, a civil rights icon, quoted some of its verses when he delivered the benediction at President Barack Obama’s inauguration in 2009.
Adopting it as a national hymn is an important step toward normalizing and codifying it as a central part of our history, said Nolan Williams, a composer, producer and cultural curator.
“It really should become a piece that we as a nation recognize and honor for what it means, not just for African Americans, but for Americans,” Williams said. “The plight of African Americans is a central part of American history.”
Clyburn had to build up nerve
Clyburn said he considered the measure for decades. Last month, he asked his staff to craft legislation. The fourpage bill, obtained by USA TODAY, cites the song’s history and calls it a “beloved hymn.”
“Ever since I’ve been in the Congress, I’ve been trying to come up with enough nerve to introduce a national hymn,” Clyburn said. “I hope I can survive and see it passed.”
Since 1973, six bills have been introduced in Congress to designate songs, including “God Bless America,” and “America the Beautiful” as a national hymn, but none of them passed into law, according to the U.S. Senate Historical Office.
“The Star-Spangled Banner” was officially adopted as the national anthem in 1931. Anthems are often patriotic songs. Hymns are more religious songs of praise.
Clyburn said his measure is not intended to take away from the national anthem, which he said he sings and still remembers the good feeling of playing it long ago on his clarinet.
Clyburn said he hopes for “extensive” bipartisan support in both chambers.
Robinson said he would be surprised if the effort was well received by lawmakers and a majority of Americans. “For the whole nation to embrace this (song) as a way to understand our collective history … that’s a tall order,” he said.
Still, Robinson said, the nation is in a period of reflection, which might generate more support.
Some people are “more receptive to looking at the past, not from rose-colored glasses, but through a prism that sees elements of the past as both painful and exploitive, but also (one that) produced heroes and resiliency,” he said.
If that happens, all Americans could soon sing along to the lyrics:
Lift ev’ry voice and sing,
’Til Earth and heaven ring, Ring with the harmonies of Liberty; Let our rejoicing rise
High as the list’ning skies,
Let it resound loud as the rolling sea. Sing a song full of the faith that the dark past has taught us,
Sing a song full of the hope that the present has brought us;
Facing the rising sun of our new day begun,
Let us march on ’til victory is won. Stony the road we trod,
Bitter the chastening rod,
Felt in the days when hope unborn had died;
Yet with a steady beat,
Have not our weary feet
Come to the place for which our fathers sighed?
We have come over a way that with tears has been watered,
We have come, treading our path through the blood of the slaughtered, Out from the gloomy past,
’Til now we stand at last Where the white gleam of our bright star is cast.
God of our weary years,
God of our silent tears,
Thou who has brought us thus far on the way;
Thou who has by Thy might
Led us into the light,
Keep us forever in the path, we pray. Lest our feet stray from the places, our God, where we met Thee,
Lest, our hearts drunk with the wine of the world, we forget Thee; Shadowed beneath Thy hand, May we forever stand,
True to our God,
True to our native land.