What 8 billion world population means for humanity
The world’s population will reach 8 billion next week – a testament to scientific breakthroughs and improvements in nutrition, health and sanitation. But as our human family grows larger, it is also growing more divided.
Billions of people are struggling; hundreds of millions are facing hunger and even famine. Record numbers are on the move seeking opportunities and relief from debt and hardship, wars and climate disasters.
Unless we bridge the yawning chasm between the global haves and have-nots, we are setting ourselves up for an 8 billion-strong world filled with tensions and mistrust, crisis and conflict.
The facts speak for themselves. A handful of billionaires control as much wealth as the poorest half of the world. The top 1% pocket a fifth of the world’s income, while people in the richest countries can expect to live up to 30 years longer than those in the poorest. As the world has grown richer and healthier, these inequalities have grown, too.
On top of these trends, the accelerating climate crisis and the unequal recovery from COVID-19 are turbocharging inequalities. We are heading straight for climate catastrophe, while emissions and temperatures continue to rise. Floods, storms and droughts are devastating countries that contributed almost nothing to global heating.
The war in Ukraine is adding to food, energy and finance crises, hitting developing economies hardest. These inequalities take their greatest toll on women and girls, and on marginalized groups that already suffer discrimination. Many countries in the Global South face huge debts, increasing poverty and hunger, and the growing impacts of the climate crisis. They have little chance of investing in a sustainable recovery from the pandemic, the transition to renewable energy, or education and training for the digital age.
Unite at climate and G-20 summits
Anger and resentment against developed countries are reaching breaking points. Toxic divisions and lack of trust are causing delays and deadlock on a host of issues, from nuclear disarmament to terrorism to global health. We must curb these damaging trends, repair relationships and find joint solutions to our common challenges.
The first step is acknowledging that this runaway inequality is a choice, and one that developed countries have the responsibility to reverse – starting this month at the United Nations climate conference in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, and the Group of 20 industrial and emerging-market nations summit in Bali, Indonesia.
I hope COP27 – the 27th Conference of the Parties to the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change – will see a historic Climate Solidarity Pact under which developed and emerging economies unite around a common strategy and combine their capacities and resources for the benefit of humankind.
Wealthier countries must provide key emerging economies with financial and technical support to transition away from fossil fuels. That is our only hope of meeting our climate goals.
I also urge leaders at COP27 to agree on a road map and institutional framework to compensate countries in the Global South for climate-related loss and damage that is already causing enormous suffering.
The G-20 summit in Bali will be an opportunity to address the plight of developing countries. I have urged the Group of 20 economies to adopt a stimulus package that will provide governments of the Global South with investments and liquidity, and address debt relief and restructuring.
We are also working nonstop with all stakeholders to ease the global food crisis. The Black Sea Grain Initiative is an essential part of those efforts. It has helped to stabilize markets and bring food prices down.
And we are working to ensure that Russian fertilizers can flow into global markets, which have been severely disrupted by the war. Fertilizer prices are up to three times higher than before the pandemic. Rice, the most widely consumed staple in the world, is the crop that will suffer most. Removing the remaining obstacles to the exports of Russian fertilizers is an essential step toward global food security.
Human ingenuity, human solidarity
Nonetheless, among all these serious challenges, there is some good news.
Our 8 billion-strong world could yield enormous opportunities for some of the poorest countries, where population growth is highest. Relatively small investments in health care, education, gender equality and sustainable economic development could create a virtuous circle of development and growth, transforming economies and lives.
I never bet against human ingenuity, and I have faith in human solidarity. In these difficult times, we would do well to remember the words of one of humanity’s wisest observers, Mahatma Gandhi: “The world has enough for everyone’s need – but not everyone’s greed.”