Robert Ellis Smith; lawyer published privacy journal

Robert Ellis Smith, a journalist who published and edited a newspaper covering the civil rights movement in the South during the 1960s and who later became a lawyer and publisher specializing in issues of personal privacy and security, died July 25 at his home in Providence. He was 77.

The cause was a heart attack, said a son, Marc Smith.

In 1965, Smith was a founder of the Southern Courier, a weekly newspaper based in Montgomery, Alabama. The paper was staffed by alumni of the Harvard Crimson student newspaper, of which Smith had been president as an undergraduate.

The aim of the Courier, which ceased publication in 1968, was to cover events of the civil rights movement that were ignored by mainstream media outlets.

Smith was instrumental in commissioning articles for the paper by civil rights leaders Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks.

Smith later worked as a reporter and editor at the Detroit Free Press, Trenton Times and Newsday and as a civil rights official at the old U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare.

He was a law student at Georgetown University, friends said, when he perceived that technology advances would spawn a cyber culture in which personal privacy would become a hot-button legal and social issue. In 1974, he began publishing “Privacy Journal,” a monthly newsletter he launched from a back-alley carriage house in Washington.

A 1977 Washington Post article described Privacy Journal as “the most talked-about Washington newsletter since I.F. Stone’s Weekly,” the muckraking publication of iconoclastic journalist I.F. Stone.

At its peak in the 1980s, Privacy Journal had about 6,000 subscribers.

Smith was also author of at least a dozen books, including “Ben Franklin’s Web Site: Privacy and Curiosity from Plymouth Rock to the Internet” (2000), in which he defined privacy as “the desire of each of us to control the time and manner of disclosures of personal information about ourselves.”

In that book and others, Smith traced privacy concerns back to New England in Colonial times, when Puritan leaders monitored behavior and church attendance. He also wrote widely about such issues as wiretapping, the theft of Social Security numbers, information gathered online about individuals and various forms of government surveillance.