Mercury in Singapore hits 36.8 degrees Celsius in April

Weeks of sweltering heat in Singapore saw the mercury race past 34 degrees Celsius several times in the past six weeks, and hit the second-highest temperature on record last month.

On April 1, it peaked at 36.8 degrees Celsius in Admiralty, just 0.2 degrees Celsius shy of the all-time high recorded in Tengah on April 17, 1983.

Weather experts say the Republic is not in the grips of a heatwave, adding that the temperatures seen are also not outside the norm.

But it will get hotter for Singapore and the rest of the world, with climate change making its presence felt.

Typically, the months of April and May are warmer for the country owing to inter-monsoon conditions, which are characterised by strong heating from the sun and light variable winds, National Environment Agency's Meteorological Service Singapore (MSS) said.

This week, the mercury hit 35.6 degrees Celsius at Paya Lebar and Marina Barrage between 2pm and 3pm on Tuesday, it said.

Temperatures have stayed high in recent weeks even with a natural climate phenomenon called La Nina, which has been bringing cooler and wetter weather to Southeast Asia since late 2020. Despite warmer weather due to the current inter-monsoon period, the threshold for declaring a heatwave has not been breached, MSS noted.

A heatwave in Singapore occurs when the daily maximum temperature is at least 35 degrees Celsius on three consecutive days, and the daily mean temperature throughout the period is at least 29 degrees Celsius, said MSS.

Based on past records, the nation experiences one to two heatwaves per decade, it added. The last heatwave occurred in April 2016.

But there was some relief in April with higher-than-usual rainfall.

Despite maximum temperatures soaring past 34 degrees Celsius for nearly half of April, thundery showers during the month helped to moderate the overall temperature, making it the third-coolest April in the last 10 years, said MSS.

About half of the island was drenched by above-normal rainfall for that month.

Weather and climate scientist Koh Tieh Yong from the Singapore University of Social Sciences said the conditions in April are within normal climatic variations.

He added that the temperatures currently experienced is not linked to the severe heatwave in India.

However, Associate Professor Koh said soaring temperatures are expected to become a norm for Singapore and the world.

"With global temperatures rising, we do expect the number of heatwaves per decade to be higher in the second half of this century," said Prof Koh.

He noted that the average number of cool nights per year has fallen significantly in Singapore in the last 50 years because of local urbanisation and global climate change.

The Republic is already experiencing warming higher than the global average because of the urban heat island effect - a phenomenon of urban structures trapping heat in the day and releasing it at night.

Temperatures here have been trending 1.8 degrees Celsius higher than they were in 1948, MSS said last year.

In contrast, the average global temperature was reported last year to be about 1.1 degrees Celsius higher than pre-industrial times, which ended around 1850.

National University of Singapore professor of urban climatology Matthias Roth said: "Generally, we have to get used to increasing air temperatures here and elsewhere due to anthropogenic global warming, which sets the background conditions, and urbanisation which produces additional local warming."

This heat is expected to intensify within the next five years as the world faces a nearly 50 per cent chance of briefly reaching 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.

That is the global heating limit set by governments and scientists as the ceiling to avoid catastrophic climate change.