Daily Nation Newspaper

Curbing Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products in Zambia

- By BUUMBA CHIMBULU By By By BUUMBA CHIMBULU By By By BUUMBA CHIMBULU By DR. E D WALA CHABALA

Lumwana copper mine has recorded best quarterly production results in several years in is the no second sacrificia­l quarter lamb of when this year, it as the comes group to payment contribute­s of taxes over US$20 as everyone million in support is expected of host to play countries a part in Covid-19 Zambia’s economic infection developmen­t prevention. Zambia and sustenance, says Group Zambia Developmen­t president Revenue and Authority Chief Executive (ZRA) Officer, by deadline of October. They will continue to Corporate Mark Bristow, Agency Communicat­ion said (ZDA) a 13 percent Manager has production Topsy was test and also to refine the processes and rules Sikalinda. recorded in the second quarter of 2020, higher Sampa said. Mr Sampa explained that intention

cautioned entrepre- around the operations of the mobile payment than He said what commercial by was its legal recorded banks mandate, in have the ZRA first joined quarter. was the of the proposal was to make sure that carrying neurs mobile that payment it is transactio­n not disburs- module channels,” Mr Mwanza said in an interview. empowered to collect revenue from all under

Mr Bristow Competitio­n attributed and the Consumer positive out a merger was not burdensome. approved ing the National Protection sources Financial Commission on behalf Switch of (CCPC) the (NFS) Government. which has

any business grants to Mr Mwanza however indicated that all performanc­e to improved head grade, “I think Zambia’s merger fees are currently

Commercial Banks had already migrated Micro, intends proposed Mr Sikalinda to lower a reduction said the the cost notion of of merger handling that ZRA fees money which

Small and Medium combined with solid throughput performanc­e the highest in the world, with a cap of maximum

under phase which required that required employees Enterprise­s among are currently consumers were at exempted a maximum by using from a of joint paying K5 million system. tax was

(MSMEs). at the plant. K5 million which is about US$250, we are The switching Automatic Teller Machines (ATMS) untrue as ZDA a as Switch, is the of not law reducing which did in went not any the discrimina­te live part- cost on of the doing 23rd in terms of He way was speaking when delivering the group basically saying why not reduce the cost

and Point of Sale (POS) transactio­ns to the NFS who nership September business. should pay 2018 tax on in a the trial country. basis, is the first ever

results for with the second an organisa- quarter of this year. of doing business by reducing the merger local from the VISA. Mr Mwanza explained that the

ZRA Zambia’s nationwide officers, merger he shared said, fees were platform, are the most highest which will in the tion “Copper called ‘BACC’ portfolio in continues offering to outperform. notificati­on fees.

process for the first phase was up and running compliant business facilitate world, says for taxpayers. exchange CCPC Executive of informatio­n Director, on Chilufya digital

Best quarterly grants production to entrepre- from Lumwana in “So there is a proposal that has gone to the payments smoothly.

Sampa. He was speaking throughout in the an interview Country. with the Daily neurs, several warns years acting with per Manager pound copper costs Ministry of Commerce, Trade and Industry. It

The “There was a time when the five banks who

Nation Mr in Sampa first Lusaka. group said of CCPC participan­ts had submitted are already a has not taken effect yet, so that is where we Communicat­ions trending to low end and of guidance,” Public Mr Bristow had deployed in-deposit taking machines, running proposal “It does mobile not to the matter switching Ministry whether of transactio­ns Commerce, one is an on Trade the are,” he said. Relations, said. live environmen­t, Kabwe says Phiri. Bankers Associatio­n of that calibratio­n was finalised and the public Meanwhile, a tonne Mr Sampa on Tuesday, said CCPC but was gained employee and At Industry the of group the to Zambia reduce level, Mr merger Revenue Bristow fees Authority stressed, to about or a Bank Zambia. US$5,470 Member Zambia US$50, (BAZ) of 000. Parliament Chief Executive who are the Officer, law makers,” Leonard Ms Phiri regretted that some can now deposit using the ATMs. ‘‘The Those notion are that ZRA currently employees allowing are companies which had the positive performanc­e despite Covid-19 Absa however indicated in the market nearly 26 percent since the 2020 bottom hit Mr unscrupulo­us Mwanza. Sikalinda He was speaking said. during the Stanbic on March 19,” competitio­n Absa said. Act to pay in

people were try- functionin­g very well. exempted from paying violated tax is the untrue as the COPPER pandemic prices which had rose affected to their business highest report “What that is remaining the gains under were the stopped NFS project by

Mr to explained Mwanza Zambia’s said that Anakazi the the rest collection Banking of the commercial Online was in ing Bank swindle entreprene­urs organisati­on called ‘BACC’,” “The Agency law does not condemns discrimina­te instalment­s in terms as the of commission who was aware of in operations. He nearly three months yesterday as is investor the mobile worries channel over payment the deepening which On Monday, Copper prices rose as US different purporting banks Conversati­ons were forms to already such be Episode ZDA. as conducting taxes, Nine. levies on a she and live said fees in a statement yester- in strongest should pay terms tax in such the country.’’ cash flow challenges which had come stronger He said manufactur­ing free cash flow increased data from by nearly top is US-China the e-wallet rift. mobile “The where most-traded we - Mr will Sikalinda see July President, Donald Trump’s response to environmen­t “ZDA “The proposal has transactio­ns noted is to with pay while much dis- others less day. were than, in heartless acts of intent to about due to Covid-19. approved 20 percent by Parliament. to China US$522 and million the loosening given diversifie­d of their consumer pilot phases. FinTech, copper percent mobile increase contract money on dividend the operators Shanghai per and share. Futures banks equipment China’s security and supplies. legislatio­n on Hong Kong pleasure have and Mr Sikalinda industry-leading come an with said advert bands. the Tier taxes, We going One are levies asset trying and portfolio. Ms to fees Phiri warned interchang­ing Exchange Meanwhile, (ShFE) transactio­ns Mr Bristow rose 0.9 said from percent over their US$20 various to was “Focus as during severe the Covid-19 as the market outbreak had

the mem- swindle unsuspecti­ng entre- Mr Sampa explained that some companies lockdowns “The rest are imposed doing their testing, contain they Covid-19 are in taking not up to three months to pay for their were around increasing “Captured collected social the from benefit threshold media any of individual higher to pur- about gold or US$50 bers prices company of million public platforms,” transfer 44,660 million contributi­on Yuan he said. (US$6,274.94) had been made a tonne. by the health and Mr safety Trump of our on workforce Friday ordered

to be wary tax. of were exempted from paying customs duty on their fuelled preneurs and the general pub- on expected. is that pilot the expectatio­ns phase small but mergers hopefully of that healthier before are taking end place of fine in imports while are others organisati­ons went beyond. listed as Public porting through the country, that agile entitled management the Agency to pay them and is operationa­l regardless such offers of and seek company When Others confirma- fully were in implemente­d, support motor lic of vehicle money its host fee, and NFS countries carbon therefore will bring and urges and communitie­s: proactive response, October demand. do not notify. all the banks will be ready to integrate “Earlier the session, the contract hit the “A eliminatio­n lot of businesses of special lost cash US flow, treatment what we for the disbursing execution. status of funds the Debt individual net in of form cash or of company. at a US$1.4 tion billion, with the ZDA about emissions communitie­s or a other wide surtax, range le- in Covid-19 insurance the of benefits general infection premium which public prevention. will levy, to take skills heed preparedne­ss, Benefit Organisati­ons prevention like and churches communicat­ion or Non- to the Prices “Currently e-wallet for it the switching is about red metal US$250,000 of transactio­ns rose to for their a very its for highest a very big since levy, merger. rural March We electrific­ation do 6 of not 44,800 want levy people Yuan. and did Hong Government­al is that Kong if a but business Organisati­ons did not has mention violated that have and any been the action grant down He itemised in almost partnershi­p 25 percent collection­s with from the as end income gitimate first quarter tax, Government include developmen­t He explained among institu- others, that of financial this reduced warning donations fees as and the Agency “In Latin America, focus is on infrastruc­tural between highest banks, as demand FinTech in and top mobile metals money consumer competitio­n that issued would with act an undermine exemption in one way the certificat­e or U.S.-China the other, by we the Phase Value big with merger. Added no significan­t Tax We do (VAT), public not want excise debt it to duty, maturities be like customs that, until tourism Three-month to pay too levy. much copper or even on failing the London to carry out Metal the

Ministry operators. China we want continued it of to Commerce, be maybe to recover, like Trade US$50, says 000 Absa or so one

“There is progress in terms tions of before they charges were could conditiona­l to apply customers on will government because not be held partnershi­p responsibl­e removal for allowed and Mr Mwanza equipment them to needs pay in while instalment­s,” in Africa, he emphasis said. duty, 2033,” export Mr Bristow duty, mineral said. royalty and property Exchange merger and “The clear only notificati­on deliverabl­es organisati­ons (LME) just eased overseen because which 0.3 percent are of by the Barrick fee,” to Mr Ministry improving trade of Finance,” deal. existing he healthcare said. facilities and and ensuring Industry, that systems USAID are and ready an for or integratio­n make any payments. of internatio­nal switching any loss fees. of money,” she said. on

The group, he said, also recorded a 14 management which included sourcing capacity,” Mr Bristow said. TOBACCO have and been its and products very its few

it is true have truly iconic been products receiving Zambian may be products frowned

that in these increased that have upon put attention by Zambia many, that on recent the years, COVID- world. 19 continenta­l tend to around use or the the global one-sided map. Identified Like perspectiv­e Samsung as that one times, for of tobacco South the most is hy- giene, lucrative Korea. bad for Maybe health. businesses Mosi Whilst fits in this the years

particular­ly in form of washing to bill perspectiv­e come, for us, the even is sector true though in its set it is to

of hands, is one of the flourish not entirety, produced most as there effective demand by is a another Zambian for means leather of preventing raw business, aspect materials of tobacco and the (hides) we spread may that and many of the finished actually are not aware not goods own about. is the anticipate­d brand!

coronaviru­s, this cannot be to But exceed Tobacco that is supply a products story in for the are another

readily done everywhere, like coming time. faced Perhaps with decade. a challenge another product illicit upon A soccer entering example a form might of pub- be we trade. Africa could Illicit is consider projected trade undermines is to Boom? be at lic more the transport. center fitting. of In that production case, we of can all What the recall efforts about a game that the are of “Kalingalin­ga” soccer being played leather hand Hand and sanitiser its system bye products that should was be made wash by many world bodies such due portable to that the abundance all solution players moved of for hand in featured and country a few weeks to ensure ago? hygiene. synch livestock with on But each the soon continent. other, upon with The such the If tobacco it had not control been with an tobacco iconic inch-perfect passes and harmoni- unfolding continent Zambian traded within has product about set before 15% laws of now,

of the coronaviru­s ous coordinati­on as if the players pandemic COVID-19 regulation­s. worlds cattle may in the have production, region, certainly the were being moved around by a disruption­s giant with made a puppet percentage it into master, that one. But increase followed slotting this balls re-

And so, to many, the anger of small about number a quarter of potentiall­y over the sulted in against It the would goal in tobacco the as certainly if cost there is of fashioned be was this true no prod- that op- last iconic decade, Zambian overtaking products the is the uct posing towards shooting mode team the of on legal financing up the so entities pitch. high of that as new to global not to trend. say that Similarly, there have the business render are The following it kind ventures unaffordab­le of the soccer right most that channels to people made most continent been no efforts possesses or product about are commuters one to aware ensure salivate they is when on bank meet one public loans. the watched set In trans- fact, it, 25% developmen­t of the world’s initiative­s sheep that and when port. which standards. This one salivating hears called Yet, mention would the for contempt urgent have of bank con- and goat population. Nonetheles­s, loans, founded could should it add be is usually directed products in to very to the the unpal- illegal list.

Pavlov measures to for no hair only end! product 8% immediate Africa For instance, accounts a to con- atable traders At demonstrat­ion terms. who Like do not how follow in difficult such the soc- set it tribute of made worlds from to stabilisin­g an production oil from the a nut of supply is cer tobacco to game, get the control or loan, in guidelines. the how example exorbitant of and cattle of a therefore tree hides growing and the about wildly price 14% in of hand of the The interest orchestra, Tobacco rates is are subsector successful and the most per- disdained sanitiser. goat Western and and sheepskins, This aspect: Southern is where the despite collateral Zambia the col- formance remains an underpinne­d important industry by perfect the laboration its (mungongo) significan­ce banks ask of for. is one some in livestock product members that harmony. for the country. According to of production, demonstrat­ed the Zambia a trend such Associatio­n that potential. needs of

And It World is when the Health graveyard there Organizati­on is such of harmo- failed to Alas, be reversed. fizzled out before businesses Manufactur­ers ny (WHO) in it agricultur­al came land in. devoted it

the body is littered that the with same many is was Zambia’s effectivel­y leather establishe­d. production that in to What perfect the attempted harvesting contribute­d health. to Or start of tobacco put to off the another trying sup- in is Another dwarfed one by is countries the multi-grain such as to ply way, Zambia shoulder of it hand is dis-harmony increased the sanitiser exorbitant over in not the 350% cost meet- body of in Ethiopia breakfast and cereal Kenya that who was have made bank that two demand causes decades loans, disease. together was from the 1993 with fact the to 2013. that col- competitiv­e from maize, leather rice and sectors soya. in lateral of Africa. the required. three The leather sources This sector ought of ethanol, in the be

It This is indeed growth the in land case that size when to entails Apparently, that the sector its properties has increased were its a the no-brainer. body of the has major been If the ingredient­s struggling primary rea- to in one country such that is the young currently and all claimed organs son are contributi­on why uncontamin­ated, people to GDP, go into currently they business work hand regain healthiest sanitiser, competitiv­e breakfast two advantage cereal were not is together employs to make in …, a perfect profit, pays K… harmony the in question taxes eas- available since on privatizat­ion global either market due in 1991. did to not inputs one ily and has overcoming tobacco to ask themselves processing dis-eases is what that kind being In compare fact, of out business the with of sector season this will recorded Zambian give or imports such a may -3.5% one inevitably growth the biggest in 2019. subsectors From

invade the body. cereal. disrupted Sadly, it also by suffered COVID-19 big being But in Zambian profit as the that body manufactur­ing. they ages, can the afford risk to of 1974 the same to 1996, fate as the the Zambian hair pay containmen­t dis-harmony On off this a account loan in at the more measures body Zambian than organs 30% in leather product. tanning subsector had interest, neighbouri­ng increases five Government tanneries has with countries. singled installed out This the

pay and statutory starts obligation­s leading to and only no end still left of remain molasses dis-eases. with as At some the that source mon- stage, capacity of 1,700 hides per

BUUMBA CHIMBULU THE

tobacco industry’s developmen­t tax evasion. legitimate market. unregulate­d manufactur­ing as a quick win for accelerate­d Often, illicit trade requires Loose tobacco is a term processes that lead to job creation under Section money laundering, corruption applied to tobacco which may undeclared products for taxation business 16.8.1(b) ordination should of the then Seventh naturally National ask why and it could various one frauds of the and most related renowned be used internatio­nal to illegally manufactur­e endeavours, but resources increased were profits not enabling only

with super for success, profits, so it will it is family and friends. And this suffer Cooperativ­es as a society (SACCOs) and one are great that

be Developmen­t that products Plan with (7NDP) such tremendous and crimes, to Many move personalit­ies the illicit who goods has very cigarettes beautiful or hair other has tobacco limited, but illicit the pioneering traders the gentleman financial muscle faced

not with take an aging long before body. others With much start makes sense. After one has put will examples continue of such condemn harmonious us to be

promise their role for will the be country to facilitate end up petering and money been through known various to be using products, mungongo such oil as for “roll-your- unsurmount­able to expand barriers into to complement­ary access them.

similar effort, the businesses body can and achieve the a ensu- har- their own resources into a new by-standers coordinati­on while at community other national- level.

out involvemen­t before they of are the fully private establishe­d. sector transit There and financial her hair. systems. So, it should go own” without tobacco, saying without that payment Thirdly, there criminal was no operations “leniency” (including or “special

ing monious competitio­n existence would of all certainly the or- business idea, the immediate next ities When that I did come my into Masters our country degree,

are in marketing probably different and processing reasons of for different Perpetrato­rs the of product illicit trade developmen­t in of tax. to manufactur­e Illicit loose tobacco arrangemen­t” can extortion, with the bribery retailers etc); to all support tend to

result gans, in with erosion much of muted the super episodes prof- option to resort to would be to prosper. one of There the classmates’ is in fact in fees, this in

products. tobacco. The mungongo-based hair tobacco products and package fall under this the product be misbranded such that women or adulterate­d a leather fledgling into be new export very initiative hard markets. to or quantify. start-up. Ethiopia’s All

its. of But dis-ease it not and only therefore new business long- persuade family and friends of the clear Pounds demonstrat­ion Sterling, were of paid suitable for by hand product Nonetheles­s, is a case illicit in point. tobacco Anecdotall­y, following broad could categories: effortless­ly and readily and may use not it in meet their regulatory these leather are and issues leather Various for products which attempts there industry are needs has to

sanitiser that we have all sanitiser without any charge. fight against COVID-19, but in the country. While before ventures term successful that fall health. at the hurdle of merits of one’s new business idea. and a SACCO appropriat­e from the financing community being for seen product trade on had the been a market. lot on going the rise, for it. The women Contraband hair – should Tobacco have easily standards. turned it into an

But etha- The challenge was compound- also in the fact that the be relatively effective ZAM reached made institutio­nal the to lockdown an address advanced arrangemen­ts illicit of some stage tobacco for coun- high It is interest therefore has rates. not Many without a cause non- Another way to put this is that if new where business she grew ventures. up. And One she of nar- the nol in threatenin­g the can regions be produced public where health the from tree mo- is indigenous ed products by the are fact iconic produced that Zambian the 210 legally product. litre members, And Because if the illicit amount usually trade known occurs supporting developmen­t in for trade. efforts tries and that boasts due maybe to reputation the someday coronaviru­s of good

bank that the financial business institutio­n organisati­on has is one cannot persuade friends and open rated secrets it was of common success practice of the lasses. have gains been of tobacco using the control product and for hair containers but since have been of initially expense, diverted donated after time and attention shadow their feisty the markets, women engagement­s the impacts could quality with on produce leather. pandemic For another Progress instance, truly some in Zambia the iconic industry ethanol has Zambian was been depicted attracted as a biological to cash organism, in on the family to support their new busi- other in that nationalit­ies country for in business SACCOs in to

time immemorial. Ostensibly with very in my life devote to grooming their hair is product. was driven by an industrial policy and alluring akin the But outcomes to the making high body. interest of ethanol the WHO’s rates in from the by manufactur­e ZamBeef into Plc an and illegal Zambia ness government idea, how revenue, regarding can one businesses convince mat- signed our imported sponsor country the students WHO into is that FCTC the to they pursue country, protocol primarily higher the

impressive results. Only that to be able to anything to go by, that is not a farfetched As for the shift breakfast that facilitate­d cereal, for for inducement a country molasses market, Framework All the only parts presented Convention to need get their to work on fingers lo- to- Breweries market. Plc were not suit- and third-parties ters consumers that affect and is their strangers seldom members, strategy to put to mobilise thrust degrees eliminate by abroad. resources illicit the trade ZAM for in members financing

use the mungongo product on hair the notion. whose of foreign people investment, are used prioritize­d to having foreign most gistical burnt gether Tobacco and in challenges. harmony left Control nursing (WHO to achieve huge FCTC). liabil- suc- able Counterfei­t for delivering – Tobacco molasses to estimated. money like over into Indeed, the their GST, venture? the have impacts now tobacco business may This ensure products, is ventures a community that though among going there display- them- for-

village setting required boiling the very It unsurprisi­ngly follows from the above fine exchange things earnings, in life imported, gave the notion of ities cess. In While addition from Dis-harmony the Zambia to fallout. threats in Sugar on the public work- Plc products What are illegally was required produced of come illicit But, trade together having manifested said to work that, in forms in with a is selves. ward, ing yet to harmony be And the consensus country the that prominence nature contribute­s is on of self-suffi- the this re- to hard nut for many hours to extract the Surya. oil. that not having this were hair product on the a

to Zambian the upgrade cereal of is local one quality, is not aimed only to donated ings health, The and point illicit 150 operation trade that tons should in of tobacco of the business not mate- be and bear false tankers manufactur­ing to trans- such country government as: loss like of ours, to public contribute family trust in and to means source cient the success of in is implementa­tion that this of it product, students, will be patient, over within which and it in This process made feasibilit­y of using specialise­d the shelves of major retailers has got to be alien,

increase but employment when sitting next growth to imported and targeted missed results products from in is dis-function the a form above of tax scenario and evasion, poor is labels, unauthoriz­ed trademarks the friends integrity are of rarely key Government willing to put various is turn, forgiving, will Government reinforce and of ministries. course the success it will of rial product as part very limited, collaborat- especially for women port the molasses. the case of ZamBeef a characteri­stic addressing failure of the challenges cereals export markets. on retailer shelves, will most likely

of above stabilisin­g the supply that performanc­e. thereby there causing are different a loss financing of trade So, names. it is and money business in anybody’s sectors; new poor business Regardless, not the cost whole an addressing arm community. and a leg. illicit That Indeed, is ing in urban efforts areas. by ZAM But it would members appear and most business. Lafarge new came product to patently the developmen­t. rescue the COVID-19 And many in the country. be challenged chain more during by our these attitudes COVID-19 than solutions government It is for for this business revenue. reason ventures that suc- at Cheap that whites bank loans or illicit are whites rarely product venture. performanc­e In fact, for us of it The would strategy trade members kind in Ethiopia tobacco of of financing the made products community that use need- liv- to women contribute in the urban to normalisin­g areas are very familiar by case donating challenges tankers to contribute­d trans- to this. The Firstly, ZAM COVID-19 the quality and times. nutritiona­l value of the different cessful Illicit businesses trade stages in of tobacco devote developmen­t, products signifi- (sometimes of economic diplomacy and extended

most ideal referred form to of as financ- “off counterfei­t be true to products say that associated family and constraine­d ed ing for together a start-up by unavailabi­lity in to harmony be establishe­d of could the with supply the properties of hand of mungongo sanitisers, oil port on hair the molasses. the whole effort of undertakin­g Response product Team, headed local discretion­ary by product. the authorizat­ions This And is a while very important to attract before and cant is a that amounts chain not of all illegal of effort forms activities and of financ- time to brand”) ing It is a when business – Are there cigarettes start-up. is such harmony legally In fact, in the with friends body the that may legible be same brand the ones is reducing in standing relevant and attend to flourish. statistics. to respectful management transporti­ng because allegedly when molasses the product was Thus, Surya developmen­t was able and pro- commercial­ising ZAM president, the considerat­ion Ezekiel COVID-19 to take into account pandemic because Surya once ing developing that are may stocked include in one unlicensed of the major retailers, produced in perfect markets health. in mungongo one where Or jurisdicti­on put statistics another hair product way, of it integrity is was dis-harmony a lone of well-establishe­d in the body hard that as policy Since makers a publicatio­n and manufactur­ers of the

suitable strategy. every The business on the side-lines very Mr keenly foreign wait- investment of But infrastruc­ture we to can industrial also such learn zones as from schools, oth- from venture. strategy production, Mazabuka is For used instance, smuggling as a tool to the for of outside suitable finished creat- duce for causes bulk sole disease. purpose hand sanitiser of and ing Sekele, for the has venture mobilised to collapse, its and mem- economic if er was clinics, African parks operating etc, for countries if the not tanning even below that build have capac- such, es- it out-sold some of already establishe­d new business man ventures effort using and being their household brands; appliances. eroded public trust may in try to substitute World Bank imports in 1999, increased locally Chisamba hair sources ing products, harmony products fraudulent hides on the that shelves. marketing can be tanned Why, exported financing per and are Secondly, illegally kept, it sold as the has is country in the been a case suffers legitimate in most insufficie­nt of manufactur­ers such made who are products, taxation if the has attitudes been adopted of people as a

of where financing in the organisati­on. the a ethanol start-up other members, ZamBrew, not bers actually to come even together throwing sector. to con- in Markets tablished ity, as for were working very liberalize­d good strong of with the to Savings community. allow Tandem and was are day. and Just totally to claims like be produced different on of legal the soccer status from proved and those pitch, a Coca jurisdicti­on All Cola the staff Bottlers, advanced in they the etc have tanning business offered no skills. mistakenly spanner tribute community Additional­ly, to here blamed government level. and there there by customers; leather to efforts accel- products means Credit Consulting, The to of be contrary Cooperativ­es addressing sold it from has of illicit the now foreign- (SACCOs) above trade, put in is

demonstrat­ed that the majority challenge. for well-practised Growth financing in This Zambia’s a players business is despite of leather success- in mid the sector know what they need to do, when While the the demise. it is coronaviru­s. unlikely This has that owned got to tanneries which place dis-harmonious to have measures local been manufactur­ers used to people ensure to finance who the

com- of has start-ups bottle and is have low label been investment the financed hand in tanning erate to fight infrastruc­ture

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