Cholera: We are not out of the woods yet
CHOLERA, an infectious disease caused by the bacteria, vibrio cholerae, is a public health concern that, despite efforts to control it, has not completely left Zimbabwe.
This disease, primarily spread through contaminated water and food, can cause severe diarrhoea and dehydration, leading to fatal complications if not treated promptly.
While most people are familiar with its severe symptoms, there are also “soft signs” that might go unnoticed, but could signal the onset of cholera.
As we navigate changing seasons and varying sanitation conditions, it is crucial to remain vigilant and take general precautions to prevent outbreaks.
The soft signs of cholera are subtle and can easily be mistaken for other common conditions. Recognising these signs early can lead to timely treatment and containment, reducing the risk of widespread outbreaks. Here are some key soft signs to watch out for:
Mild diarrhoea: While cholera is known for causing profuse watery diarrhoea, it can also begin with mild or moderate diarrhoea, which might be overlooked as a common stomach upset.
Abdominal cramps: Stomach cramps are a common symptom of many illnesses, but when combined with other signs, they could indicate cholera.
Nausea and vomiting: Though these symptoms are typical in various gastrointestinal illnesses, they can also be early indicators of cholera, especially when combined with other signs.
Mild dehydration: Initial dehydration might manifest as increased thirst, dry mouth, or reduced urine output. If these signs accompany other symptoms, it is essential to consider cholera.
Zimbabwe has faced several cholera outbreaks over the years, and despite improvements in water and sanitation infrastructure, the risk of cholera persists. This is especially true in areas with limited access to clean water and adequate sanitation.
Outbreaks can also occur following heavy rains or flooding, which contaminate water sources.
The resurgence of cholera in some regions underscores the importance of ongoing vigilance and preventative measures. The key to controlling cholera lies in early detection, prompt treatment, and maintaining good hygiene practices.
To prevent cholera outbreaks, it is important to follow these general precautions:
Ensure safe water: Boil or treat water with appropriate disinfectants before drinking or using it for food preparation. Use bottled water if available and ensure that it is from a reliable source.
Maintain hygiene: Wash hands thoroughly with soap and clean water before eating, preparing food, and after using the bathroom. Hand sanitisers or ash can be used when soap and water are not available.
Cook food properly: Ensure that all food is cooked thoroughly. Avoid raw or undercooked food especially from unreliable sources.
Avoid contaminated areas: Stay away from known contaminated water sources and areas prone to flooding or inadequate sanitation.
Seek medical attention: If you or someone you know exhibits signs of cholera, seek medical attention immediately. Early treatment with oral rehydration salts at home or intravenous fluids in a treatment centre can be life-saving.
Cholera is a disease that requires collective vigilance and a commitment to hygiene and sanitation.
By recognising soft signs and taking general precautions, Manicaland and Zimbabwe can continue to reduce the impact of cholera and protect public health.