On this day, Nov. 22

1827 Western Penitentiary, the first state penal institution west of the Allegheny Mountains, was completed in Allegheny.

1914 The First Battle of Ypres during World War I ended with an Allied victory against Germany.

1940 Philip Murray was unanimously elected president of the Congress of Industrial Organizations at the conclusion of its Atlantic City convention; in a speech he protested President Franklin Roosevelt’s efforts to force a merger of the CIO and American Federation of Labor.

1963 Death claimed President John F. Kennedy, shot during a motorcade in Dallas.

1986 A site next to Three Rivers Stadium was chosen for the new $36 million Buhl Science Center. Groundbreaking would be in the spring of 1988.

2020 President Donald Trump appealed a federal judge’s dismissal of his campaign’s effort to block the certification of votes in Pennsylvania; the judge had rejected claims of widespread irregularities with mail-in ballots.

Some items are from Stefan Lorant’s “Pittsburgh: The Story of an American City” (digital.library.pitt.edu/chronology).

— Compiled by Rick Nowlin Today’s birthdays: Actor Michael Callan, 86. Animator and movie director Terry Gilliam, 81. Actor Tom Conti, 80. Singer Jesse Colin Young, 80. Astronaut Guion Bluford, 79. International Tennis Hall of Famer Billie Jean King, 78. Rock musicianactor Steve Van Zandt (aka Little Steven), 71. Rock musician Tina Weymouth (The Heads; Talking Heads; The Tom Tom Club), 71. Retired MLB All-Star Greg Luzinski, 71. Rock musician Lawrence Gowan, 65. Actor Richard Kind, 65. Actor Jamie Lee Curtis, 63. Alt-country singer Jason Ringenberg (Jason & the Scorchers), 63. Actor Mariel Hemingway, 60. Actor Winsor Harmon, 58. Actor-turned-producer Brian Robbins, 58. Actor Stephen Geoffreys, 57. Rock musician Charlie Colin, 55. Actor Nicholas Rowe, 55. Actor Mark Ruffalo, 54. International Tennis Hall of Famer Boris Becker, 54. Actor Sidse Babett Knudsen, 53. Country musician Chris Fryar (Zac Brown Band), 51. Actor Josh Cooke, 42. Actor-singer Tyler Hilton, 38. Actor Scarlett Johansson, 37. Actor Jamie Campbell Bower, 33. Singer Candice Glover (TV: “American Idol”), 32. Actor Alden Ehrenreich, 32. Actor Dacre Montgomery, 27. Actor Mackenzie Lintz, 25. Thought for today: “A man does what he must — in spite of personal consequences, in spite of obstacles and dangers and pressures — and that is the basis of all human morality.”

— President John F. Kennedy (1917-1963)