Shark repellents

Electrical: Shark Shield: 2.2m-long electrode trailing from ankle; effective distance 82cm

Electrical: Ankle band (e.g. NoShark); effective distance 82cm

Electrical: Magnetic wrist or ankle band

(e.g. Sharkbanz); effective distance <85cm *effects vary by metal and shark species – some result in confusion, which has led to repeated bites and longer time at baits

Acoustic: Leg band (e.g. SharkStopper); potentially expansive effective distance of 100–1000m, but possibly <5m; only effective in water cooler than 21oC; effective time duration unknown

Chemical: Aerosol can in pocket (e.g. Repel Sharks); potentially expansive effective distance of 100–1000m, but only for a very short time; to be effective, the swimmer must spot the shark with enough time to access and deploy the aerosol

Visual: Wetsuit (Shark Attack Mitigation Systems Technology); potentially expansive effective distance of 100m, but dependent on water clarity and shark species