The discovery

GROUP 1: SAID

(severe autoimmune diabetes)

Broadly the same as the traditional type 1 diabetes and LADA (latent autoimmune diabetes in adults). Typically characterised by the onset of diabetes at a young age, in addition to poor metabolic control, the presence of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies and impaired insulin production. This group is also at high risk of complications.

GROUP 2: SIDD

(severe insulin-deficient diabetes)

Similar to Group 1 – however, there is no evidence of antibodies attacking the individual’s pancreas – SIDD is characterised by high HbA1c, impaired insulin secretion and a moderate level of insulin resistance. This group is also at high risk of complications, with the highest incidence of retinopathy (eye problems).

GROUP 3: SIRD

(severe insulin-resistant diabetes)

People who fall into SIRD are unable to make enough of, or their body does not respond well to, insulin. Characterised by obesity and severe insulin resistance, this group has the highest incidence of kidney disease.

GROUP 4: MOD

(mild obesity-related diabetes)

This group mainly consists of people who were very overweight or obese. MOD is similar to Group 3, except less likely to experience serious complications.

GROUP 5: MARD

(mild age-related diabetes)

Primarily consists of people who developed diabetes after the age of 65, and have a milder form of disease with a lower risk of developing some complications.