2 Considering tonal range

Step beyond the average and use tone to give your black-and-white images added impact, using these examples as inspiration

An average scene in average lighting conditions (above) will contain a range of different tones, from shadows and midtones to bright highlights. A scene like this will have a brightness value of 18% grey – which is also the value that your camera’s light meter is calibrated to, so that consistent exposures can be achieved. Due to lighting conditions, though, some scenes will feature different tonal variations, so tone becomes something that can be considered for creative effect in the final image. Think about tonal value while you’re considering shape, form, pattern and texture, and combine them all to determine your creative vision for a black-and-white image. Below we outline the common tonal variations found in black-and-white photography; use these looks for inspiration.

High contrast

With no midtones between the brightest highlight and the deepest shadow, this image has a look that’s ideal for presenting extremes.

Low contrast

Midtones dominate this misty landscape scene. The lack of extremes of contrast make this a lowcontrast picture, and lends a sense of tranquillity.

High-key

An image made up mainly of light bright tones and white is known as ‘high-key’. It’s a popular technique in studio photography.

Low-key

Conversely, an image composed of predominantly heavy dark tones and black is known as ‘low-key’. In portraits, it creates a sense of mystery.