Utilise distortion and filtering side-by-side

Distortion can impart even the purest signal with completely new harmonic content; and a filter’s primary use is to remove and sculpt harmonics. So it makes sense these two processes go hand-in-hand.

Send your clean bass signal to a return track, then heavily distort the parallel signal (you’ll want to high-pass this return so its low-end content doesn’t clash with your original bass’. Now use a creative filter to sweep around your distorted signal – an LFO-driven band-pass variant is a good start. Finally, add modulation, widening and auto-pan effects to spread out this distorted layer.