Prune an espalier

An espaliered apple tree is perfect for small spaces, and TINO CARNEVALE shows how to keep it on track 1 KEEP IN CHECK Whippy new growth won’t produce fruit, so this has to go. Cut each stem back to 2–3 leaves to encourage fruiting spurs to develop further down.

2 PINCH OFF TIPS To restrict the growth of the remaining new, shorter stems, pinch off all their tips. This also encourages more fruiting spurs to develop.

3 TIE IT DOWN Use pieces of cloth to loosely tie new growth at the ends of the main branches to the frame. While you’re there, replace old ties where needed.