tigHt nutS equal Happy aMpS

“Many amplifiers rely on the pots, switches and sockets for some of the ground connections. If the nuts holding these become loose then the integrity of the connection is reduced and can cause all sorts of problems ranging from crackles, humming, buzzing and increased noise through to oscillation and even malfunctioning switching of channels and other functions. Usually there will be a star washer involved, which penetrates any oxide layer and ensures a lowimpedance connection to the chassis – but this does require the associated nut to be fully tightened,” Cliff Brown of 633 Engineering recommends.