THE BIG FIVE

There are distinct hormonal phases in a woman’s lifetime

Throughout a woman’s life, her endocrine system — hormone glands that regulate metabolism, sexual function, growth, mood and so on — will change.

PUBERTY

The reproductive system remains inactive for several years after birth.

Suddenly, at about age nine, a surge in hormones activates the reproductive system, preparing it for adult function.

Until about the age of 21, young girls and women will develop breasts, grow pubic hair, start menstruating and thinking differently about life in general.

PRE–MENOPAUSE

These are a woman’s adult menstrual years and carry on until roughly the age of 45.

Perimenopause (the period before menopause) is marked by a drop in estrogen, with levels decreasing over the next decade until they are too low for reproduction.

PREGNANCY

Although the age of women who fall pregnant varies, it typically happens before menopause hits.

And, of course, not all women will undergo this hormonal change.

During and after pregnancy, a woman’s body undergoes a significant shift in hormones.

MENOPAUSE

This stage officially marks the end of female reproduction, meaning the body no longer releases eggs and a woman no longer gets her period.

Symptoms can range from irritability to decreased libido and hot flushes.

POST–MENOPAUSE

At around age 55, women complete their last hormonal change and settle into a new balance.

However, as perimenopause and menopause can casue higher cholestrol levels, women in post–menopause are at higher risk of heart disease.