ON THIS DAY
1834 Norfolk Island officers finish hanging 13 convicts for a mutiny on January 15. The executions are performed in front of the other prisoners over two days.
1840 William Henry Fox Talbot shows gallic acid can be used to develop a latent image on paper, leading to a revolution in photography.
1862 Otto von Bismarck was appointed prime minister of Prussia by William I.
1915 After visiting Gallipoli, journalist Keith Murdoch, 29, writes to prime minister Andrew Fisher criticising the conduct and prospects of the Dardanelles operation.
1924 The Big Brother Movement, founded by Richard Linton, officially launches in Melbourne for Australians to sponsor migration by British youths; more than 12,000 youths will migrate to Australia under the scheme by the time it ends in 1982.
1939 Sigmund Freud, the founder of modern psychoanalysis, dies in London.
1942 Thomas Blamey arrives in Port Moresby to take command of the Allied land forces in New Guinea. He will soon remove some of his senior officers.
1964 A Sydney magistrate sentences publishers Richard Walsh, Richard Neville and Martin Sharp to up to six months’ jail after finding their Oz magazine obscene. The convictions will later be quashed on appeal.
1965 Roma Mitchell is sworn in to sit on the South Australian Supreme Court, becoming Australia’s first female judge.
1980 Jamaican musician Bob Marley, who was especially known for popularising reggae, performs his last concert, a sold-out show in Pittsburgh. He died of cancer the following year.
2000 At the Sydney Olympics, Grant Hackett, 20 (pictured), breaks the domination of the 1500m by fellow Australian swimmer Kieren Perkins, 27.