ON THIS DAY

1333: The Scots are routed in battle of Halidon Hill in their fight for independence from England.

1848: The first women’s rights convention is held in Seneca Falls, New York.

1870: France declares war on Prussia starting the Franco-Prussian War.

1916: The Battle of Fromelles, in French Flanders, results in more than 5500 Australian casualties.

1943: Allied air force stages its first raid on Rome in World War II.

1969: Apollo 11 and its three astronauts travels into orbit around the moon.

1990: Kuwait appeals to Arab neighbours for help against threats from neighbouring Iraq.

2016: Donald Trump is confirmed as the Republican candidate in the US elections.

Birthdays: French artist Edgar Degas (18341917); British rock musician Brian May (1947-); British actor Benedict Cumberbatch (1976-).