The source and analysis of data in this article are derived from the following Ipsos established digital studies:

Ipsos TechTracker: An offline and online survey based study that covers general Internet consumption and behaviour. Sizing of the Internet users, smartphone users, e-commerce and e-banking in MENA. 25,000 interviews conducted, representing 62 million locals, Arabs and expats 15+ years living across nine MENA countries.

Desktop Audience Measurement: A passive panel measurement approach that monitors desktop Internet browsing behaviour and is conducted across seven countries. The study makes use of cookie and software applications. Ipsos has tags across more than 100 local websites that generate more than 75 million monthly cookies and have more than 20,000 panelists to represent data for multinational websites.

Mobile Audience Measurement: Mobile panel study based (Passive measurement) on a software application conducted in KSA and UAE. The study analyses people’s behaviour while browsing and using applications across different smartphones and tablets.