Electric vehicle market

You will hear many people saying they would not buy an EV because of power blackouts. In fact, countries in Africa can take advantage of used EVs, which are more affordable and cheaper to operate

SHIFT IN EAST AFRICA

The Kenya- based Association for Electric Mobility and Development in Africa ( AEMDA) says that East Africa has been the centre of Africa’s radical shift to electric mobility. Rwanda leads in the promotion of e- mobility through its recent raft of policy measures that include reduced electricity tariffs for EVs, zero VAT tax on EV consumables, exemption from import and excise duties and rent- free land for charging stations.

Kenya has also gained critical market momentum to increase the adoption of electric mobility and has set a target of 5percent of all newly registered vehicles to be electric by 2025.

“In Kenya, 64percent of market players in e- mobility have invested in local assembly. We foresee a high demand for EVs especially in the two- and three- wheeler segment which would be more affordable compared to four- wheelers,” says the AEMDA.

In North Africa, Morocco plans to achieve 23percent energy savings in the transport sector by 2030 while Egypt is working on a national e- mobility strategy. Egypt is trialling 12 electric cars and plans to produce its first 100 in August 2022, while the country will build 3,000 charging stations in a joint manufacturing deal between El Nasr Automotive Manufacturing Company and the Chinese Dongfeng Motor Corporation.

An electric three- wheeler at the V& A waterfront in Cape Town, South Africa. ( Photo: Roxane 134 / Shutterstock)

SOUTH AFRICA STIMULATES DEMAND

In light of the EU’s planned 2035 phasing out of internal combustion engine vehicles, Mikel Mabasa, chief executive officer of the National Association of Automotive Manufacturers of South Africa ( Namsa) says the country has accelerated e- mobility by stimulating demand for EVs in the domestic market as well focusing on the manufacture of EVs and EV components in the future.

“Hybrids, which fall under the EV definition, are already manufactured in the country by Mercedes Benz ( the C- Class) while the Toyota Hybrid will be launched in October 2021,” he says.

In May, South Africa drafted a green paper on new energy vehicles, which Namsa actively contributed to. Mabasa says Namsa and the government have appointed consultants to undertake a cost- benefit modelling research study to come up with an incentive framework under the Automotive Production Development Programme Phase 2 as part of the South African Automotive Masterplan ( SAAM) 2021- 35, implemented from 1 July 2021, with the objectives to produce 1.4m vehicles per annum by 2035, and increase local content in vehicles from 40percent to 60percent on average. EVs will play an increasingly important role under the SAAM from 2035 onwards, he says.

Zimbabwe too is working on an electric mobility policy framework and roadmap, expected to be functional by year- end.

ADVANTAGES OF EVS

Despite the huge potential of e- mobility in Africa, its proponents say growth is limited by very common challenges including low demand for EVs, lack of supportive regulatory frameworks, high costs of power and a lack of reliable energy and charging infrastructure. Akumu says the main barrier to EV adoption in Africa is awareness because most people think that EVs are expensive, more complicated to run and require surplus power to operate.

“You will hear many people saying they would not buy an EV because of power blackouts. In fact, countries in Africa can take advantage of used EVs, which are more affordable and cheaper to operate,” she argues. In Kenya, she says, the power utility provider is keen to promote EVs because of excess power supply at night which goes to waste and could be used to charge EVs at night.

Mabasa says that the main factors inhibiting new vehicle sales on the continent include low purchasing power, the absence of vehicle financing options and fierce competition from used vehicle imports. Africa could increasingly become a dumping ground for phased out internal combustion engine vehicles from elsewhere.

“New technologies are normally expensive until mass adoption of the technology occurs. At present only the BMW i3, Mini and Jaguar i- pace EV models are available in South Africa. They are expensive, premium level vehicles, and therefore the current low sales volume. Once greater choice and cheaper models are available sales will increase no doubt as adequate charging infrastructure and plug type standards are already in place.”

A recent survey conducted by the AEMDA identifies lack of policy, including investment, limited charging infrastructure, low consumer awareness of EV products and services, and taxation issues as key barriers. Key stakeholders in the electric mobility industry all agree that ambitious policies and economic stimuli are required to ensure a fast transition to EVs and a well- planned roll- out of charging infrastructure with sufficient energy is urgently required to grow the EV market.

Given chronic power shortages in Africa, smart grids fed on renewable energy can help the transition, reduce emissions and enable countries to meet their climate targets.

UNEP points out that two biggest areas with emobility potential are the two- and three- wheeler market and e- buses. In West and East Africa, two- and three- wheeler importation exceeds that of cars, underlining the importance of the sector.

With the soaring demand for minerals for battery and electric vehicles, Africa with its rich deposits of lithium, copper, cobalt and other minerals is well placed to build EVs and could be a key player in their manufacture.