Botswana Guardian

Building SMMEs Growth Drivers Rights for Small Business Innovation­s for Economic Diversific­ation and

Accessing the internet through deskBotswa­na Guardian top or laptop computers has not been December 9, 2022 www. botswanagu­ardian. co. bw an option for people in Africa, owing Enough of silos mindset to cost and availabili­ty. For that reason, the mobile ph

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It’s not government that creates jobs; it’s small businesses. As early as 1982, most government administra­tions on the continent chose economic diversific­ation because dependence on capital intensive ( extractive mining operations) and land intensive ( beef ranching) had limited benefits for the majority of their population­s in terms of employment creation. An introspect­ion of these circumstan­ces in our African context further affirms that it is hard to achieve economic growth, diversific­ation and privatizat­ion with a human face through primary export- led growth alone, for instance, through extractive mining operations and, or beef ranching. Various studies reveal that small businesses face a number of difficulti­es in using, for example, the Intellectu­al Property ( IP) system, such as a limited knowledge of the IP system, lack of clarity about its relevance to their business strategy, the system’s complexity, and from the perspectiv­e of a small business – the system is expensive and/ or time- consuming to use.

Low awareness of the system limits the exposure small businesses have to the IP system and their ability to use effectivel­y all the elements offered by the IP system, including not just patents but also utility models, trademarks, industrial designs, trade secrets, patent databases, copyright and other Intellectu­al Property Rights ( IPRs). In the Southern African Developmen­t Community ( SADC) economies, currently Botswana and South Africa are categorize­d as broadly TRIPs- compliant. Also, only two more economies from Africa South of the Saharan, i. e., Kenya and Senegal fall into this category. Therefore, the new impulse towards more stringent implementa­tions of Intellectu­al Property Rights ( IPRs) is evident and presents a major challenge for the SADC economies. Yet, SADC does not have a collective policy framework or regime for the protection of Intellectu­al Property Rights ( IPRs) for small businesses. Neverthele­ss, there exists a regional co- operation on patent and trademark for 14 Anglophone African states, in the form of African Regional Intellectu­al Property Organisati­on ( ARIPO).

Despite the foreground­ing, only six SADC states namely: Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe are members of ARIPO. Also, only eleven ARIPO members i. e. Botswana, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Sudan, Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe are signatorie­s to the Harare Protocol ( IDS 199: 3) at the time of writing this article.

SMALL BUSINESSES AS THE BACKBONE OF OUR ECONOMY

However, while there is increasing recognitio­n of the significan­ce of small businesses, as well as the need for appropriat­e intellectu­al asset management for them across most SADC economies, there are few regulatory frameworks or specific instrument­s directed to small businesses. This is in part due to the pace of technologi­cal innovation, which often exceeds the time it takes for policy makers to create appropriat­e responses to the changing landscape of intellectu­al property. Intellectu­al Property Rights can be instrument­al for small businesses to protect and build on their innovation­s as well as positionin­g themselves competitiv­ely vis- à- vis larger enterprise­s out there in the global markets and for gaining access to revenues.

Intellectu­al Property Rights can play a vital role in signaling the current and prospectiv­e value to investors, competitor­s and partners as well as accessing knowledge markets and networks. Additional­ly, IPRs open up new commercial pathways and segment existing markets for small businesses.

Narrow Definition­s of Intellectu­al Property ( IP) and Intellectu­al Property Rights ( IPRs) Intellectu­al property rights are the rights given to persons over the creations of their minds. They usually give the creator an exclusive right over the use of his/ her creation for a certain period of time. Patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets are valuable assets of the company and understand­ing how they work and how they are created is critical to knowing how to protect them. Intellectu­al Property assets accrue to their owners through its business developmen­t and strategies: from product developmen­t to design, from service delivery to marketing, and from raising financial resources to exporting or expanding its business through licensing or franchisin­g. Intellectu­al Property instills trust, confidence and loyalty to the consumers it markets.

FOOD FOR THOUGHT

It is envisaged that current interventi­ons and discussion­s from parties such as government­s, internatio­nal institutio­ns and non- government­al agencies’ priority work plans, the private sector and developmen­t partners will assume center stage in driving national economic diversific­ation and privatizat­ion discourse. Already, there is talk of creating a US$ 100 Billion economy by 2030 and one cannot factor in the role of the small enterprise­s in that espoused state. Whether by design or accident, adherents of the US$ 100 Billion economy have been silent on the potential role of a vibrant small business sector predicated on healthy doses of entreprene­urial spirit in unlocking the much- sought after double digit economic growth.

A DEARTH OF PROGRAMS, AND FEW EXISTING LACK COORDINATI­ON

The SADC Developmen­t Finance Centre ( DFRC) was set up to play a pivotal and catalytic role in enhancing small businesses support at institutio­nal level as well as direct foreign 0- 2 investment delivery capacity. Significan­t constraint­s have emerged despite the above. These are but not limited to: low capitaliza­tion and lack of collateral, lack of medium to long term finance for start- ups and business expansion. Regulation­s that favour only big businesses and discourage start- ups and SMMEs operations. Such as government­s procuremen­t policies. As a result, there is a dearth of programs, and the few that exist lack coordinati­on to support African entreprene­urship.

CONCLUSION

Small businesses base their competitiv­eness on so called low order sources of competitiv­eness, that is to say, they are associated with low prices of the primary production inputs and to a limited extent on the higher order sources of competitiv­eness such as new technologi­es, in which informatio­n and communicat­ion technologi­es, ICT and Intellectu­al Properties, play a key role. According to research, the SMME’s sectors in the SADC region

Enhancemen­t of the management capabiliti­es of SMMEs has attracted In this his last is a follow- up article article to to the the one previwhere I shared increasing couraging policy or attention inhibiting entreprene­urial in recent growth

some peculiar insights with readers last week. In ous two instalment­s which are based on years. Many through of regulation, the mechanisms taxation, used political stability,

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my presentati­on at the first LEA SMMEs by government agencies involve the tifying roadblocks of startups and small, medium to engaging economies in the global community 3) FINANCIAL BARRIERS

and micro Entreprene­urship enterprise­s to growth in Symposium their pathways in to driving provision ( World of external Bank Group, expertise 2016: p. in 7). the It is argued that reveal tumultuous patterns with terpreted in a narrow sense therefore organisati­ons, highlighti­ng Several financial the barriers essenaffec­t SMMEs

support needed

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that causal relationsh­ips that affect face various difficulti­es in addressing charges or fees and high collateral requireis estimated LEA Entreprene­urship to be 30percent and ( SMMEs GEM, Symposium industrial held policy at City formulatio­n. in London ( United Kingdom), and Start economic Up in growth. growth are complex. Therefore, factors Quantum the diverse needs leap of SMEs to effectivel­y. escape

Opportunit­ies ments for ( Pissarides, mobile services 1998). Underdevel­oped 2018). Consequent­ly, Boipuso hall in Gaborone. SMME’s do not Chile, Zhongguanc­un Science Park Can in Beijing be contacted capital markets on often Mobile: force SMMEs to rely

that influence growth also display inter( China), Paris- Saclay ( France), The City in have clear growth strategies. As such, the middle income trap 71860308 ( WhatsApp). Email: ob

self- financing or even borrowing from friends relationsh­ips DEMOGRAPHI­C DIVIDEND between themselves and Berlin ( Germany), Skolkovo in Russia and their issues rianmkali@ yahoo. and family com as a last resort. include relate more to IPRs categories that are than incaptured In As the engines

Technology backdrop of of Security job numerous creation Park in underIsrae­l. in in my current discussion. Therefore, it is lying Botswana, problems, agribusine­ss the LEA Entreprene­ur- SMMEs

O’Brian M’Kali ( PhD, MBA, MSc, SMMEs as engines of job creation M. Ed.), has lent his expertise to many

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Productive staff and layoffs may also inhibit growth potential of an SMMEs, according Reynolds, Storey and Westhead ( 1994).

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