Cervical health
Cervical health is a critical aspect of women’s well-being, with the cervix playing a crucial role in reproductive health. The cervix, the lower part of the uterus, connects to the vagina and serves as a gateway for sperm entry during fertilisation and the passage for a baby during childbirth. Cervical health is often associated with the prevention, detection, and treatment of cervical cancer, a condition primarily caused by persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). This essay explores the importance of cervical health, risk factors for cervical cancer, preventive measures, and the significance of regular screenings.
Cervical cancer: A global health concern Cervical cancer is a major public health concern worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 570, 000 new cases and 311, 000 deaths occurred globally in 2018, with over 85% of these cases reported in low- and middle-income countries. Persistent infection with high risk HPV types, particularly HPV-16 and HPV-18, is the primary cause of cervical cancer. Other risk factors include smoking, immunosuppression, long-term oral contraceptive use, and a family history of cervical cancer.
Preventive measures: HPV vaccination
One of the most effective preventive measures against cervical cancer is vaccination against high-risk HPV types. Vaccines such as Gardasil 9 and Cervarix have been developed to protect against the most common HPV strains associated with cervical cancer. The Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends routine HPV vaccination for adolescents aged 11-12, with catch-up vaccination for individuals up to 26-years-old who have not been vaccinated previously. Vaccination significantly reduces the risk of developing cervical cancer and is a crucial step in promoting cervical health.
Screening for early detection
Regular cervical cancer screenings are essential for early detection and timely intervention. The Papanicolaou (Pap) test, often combined with HPV testing, is a widely used screening method. The American Cancer Society recommends that individuals with a cervix begin Pap testing at age 21, with subsequent screenings every three years for those aged 21-29. Women aged 30-65 are advised to undergo Pap and HPV co-testing every five years or Pap testing alone every three years.
Cervical health and reproductive rights Ensuring cervical health is not only about preventing and detecting cancer but also about promoting overall reproductive well-being. Regular gynaecological check-ups, including screenings for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and other reproductive health concerns, contribute to a comprehensive approach to women’s health. Access to healthcare, education, and awareness programmes play a vital role in empowering women to take control of their reproductive health.
Conclusion
Cervical health is a multifaceted aspect of women’s well-being, encompassing preventive measures, early detection, and overall reproductive health. With the global burden of cervical cancer, it is imperative to prioritise vaccination, regular screenings, and comprehensive healthcare access. By addressing risk factors and promoting awareness, society can work towards reducing the incidence of cervical cancer and ensuring that women lead healthy and fulfilling lives.
References
World Health Organisation. (2019). Human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer. https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/human-papillomavirus-(hpv)-and-cervical-cancer
Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). HPV Vaccination Recommendations. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/hpv/hcp/recommendations.html
American Cancer Society. (2021). Cervical Cancer Prevention and Early Detection. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervical-cancer/ detection.html