US life expectancy drops for first time in decades

LIFE expectancy in the United States dropped last year for the first time since the peak of the HIV/AIDS crisis more than 20 years ago, as deaths rose from nearly every major cause, federal data showed yesterday.

The total US population’s life expectancy in 2015 was 78.8 years, a decrease of 0.1 year from 2014, said the report by the National Center for Health Statistics.

Deaths from eight of the top 10 causes mounted, including spikes in accidental deaths among children and deaths from Alzheimer’s disease in the elderly.

The report did not delve into the reasons for the across-the-board decline in life expectancy from birth, but experts pointed to economic struggles, drug addiction and the increasing burden of dementia on an ageing population as potential factors.

Across the nation, 86,212 more people died in 2015 than a year earlier.

“This is unusual,” said lead author Jiaquan Xu, an epidemiologist at the NCHS, which is part of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

“2015 is kind of different from every year,” Xu said.

It “looks like much more death than we have seen in the last few years”.

The last time life expectancies at birth dropped for the total US populat ion was i n 1993, a yea r when t he deat hs f rom A IDS reached a pea k i n t he United States, compou nded by a bad f lu yea r t hat resulted in more f lu and pneumonia deaths, he said.

Homicide and accidental death rates also went up that year.

For 2015, the data also showed a 1.2 percent increase in the death rate for the total population, and this “rose significantly for the first time since 1999”, noted the report.

Drop for men and women

For US men, life expectancy dropped 0.2 years from 76.5 years in 2014 to 76.3 years in 2015.

For US women, life expectancy decreased 0.1 year to 81.2 years in 2015.

The overall downward trend in America stands in sharp contrast to the situation worldwide, where global life expectancy has increased five years from 2000 to 2015, according to the World Health Organization.

Women in Japan currently have the longest average lifespan at 86.8 years, while men in Switzerland can anticipate 81.3 years.

Sierra Leone has the lowest life expectancy, with women at 50.8 years and men at 49.3.

In the United States, life expectancy has stagnated nationwide in recent years.

Federal data from 2014 showed a slight downturn in life expectancy for white people, which experts said could be due to rising drug abuse – particularly the prescription painkiller epidemic – and poverty.

But this year, there was no single cause.

Deaths from Alzheimer’s disease rose 15.7 percent in a single year.

“Such a dramatic rise is a profound reminder of how devastating this condition has become,” said Keri Peterson, a doctor at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York who was not involved in the report.

Among adults, there was a 6.7 percent increase in deaths from “unintentional injuries”.

‘Related to social stressors’

Another alarming finding was the rise in infant deaths, where data showed an 11.3 percent increase in the rate of death for babies under age 1 due to unintentional injuries.

“Most of them died from accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed,” said Xu, noting that these injuries are classified separately from sudden infant death syndrome.

SIDS, meanwhile, rose to the third top cause of infant mortality, up from fourth place in 2014.

“We know that unintentional injuries in children are complicated,” said Michael Grosso, medical director at Northwell Health’s Huntington Hospital in New York, noting that they can include car crashes, falls, suffocation, fires and smoke-related injuries.

“Accidental injury really relates to social stressors,” such as financial pressures and addiction, he told AFP.

“The dramatic upswing in the use of opiates and narcotic use across our country is potentially a big factor in driving a phenomenon like accidental injury.”

Across the US adult population, increases were seen in deaths from heart disease (0.9 percent), chronic lower respiratory diseases (2.7 percent), stroke (3 percent), diabetes (1.9 percent), kidney disease (1.5 percent), and suicide (2.3 percent).

The rate of cancer deaths decreased 1.7 percent, and influenza and pneumonia deaths were unchanged.

“The only good news we see in 2015 was that the cancer death rate continued to decrease,” said Xu.