Poisoned by hunger in Venezuela
HE SPENT the day before foraging for food in an empty lot, because there was nothing to eat at home. Then in a hospital because what he found made him gravely ill.
Hours later, he was dead on a gurney, which doctors rolled by his mother as she watched helplessly. She said the hospital had lacked the simplest supplies needed to save him on that day in July.
“I have a tradition that in the morning of their birthdays, I wake up my children and sing to them,” his mother, Yamilet Lugo, said. “How could I do that when my son was dead?”
Venezuela has suffered from so many ailments this year. Inflation has driven office workers to abandon the cities and head to illegal pit mines in the jungle, willing to subject themselves to armed gangs and multiple bouts of malaria for the chance to earn a living.
Doctors have prepared to operate on bloody tables because they did not have enough water to clean them. Psychiatric patients have had to be tied to chairs in mental hospitals because there was no medication left to treat their delusions.
Hunger has driven some people to riot – and others into rickety fishing boats, fleeing Venezuela.
But it was the story of a boy with no food, who had gone searching for wild roots to eat but ended up poisoning himself instead, that seemed to embody everything that had gone wrong in Venezuela.
The country’s crisis had spent months encircling his family, only to snatch away its second-born son.
His neighbourhood, on the edge of what was once a prosperous oil boomtown, had long been running out of basics like corn flour and bread.
The cutlery factory where Lugo had worked shut down in May because it could no longer obtain the materials to make plastic, joining many across the country that have gone idle. That left the family unable to buy what food was left.
At the hospital, Lugo said, there was no respite. Like so many clinics throughout the country, the one in Maturin ran out of basic supplies like intravenous solutions, leaving the family to search the city and haggle with blackmarket sellers in the hours before Kevin died.
“This boy dies this way for no reason at all,” said Lilibeth Diaz, his aunt, looking at Kevin’s grave.
On her cellphone, Lugo stared at a picture of her embracing her son last year, on the front porch he had painted yellow. She has changed a lot since then. Her collarbone now protrudes from her neck. “I weigh 40 kilos now,” she said. Kevin was losing weight, too. By spring, everyone in the family was.
Then Jose Rafael Castro, Lugo’s boyfriend and the only other breadwinner in the household, came home with bad news: The construction supply factory where he worked had let him go because the owners could no longer find cement.
First, the family ate mangoes. By summer, it had turned to yuca, which grew in a plot a short bus ride away.
“This was our food morning, noon and night,” Lugo said.
By July, there was no money even for the bus fare to the field, the family said. It started looking elsewhere.
Kevin’s birthday was coming up. The family knew this would be his first without a cake, but it had devised a solution: A neighbour down the street was celebrating a birthday and had offered to set aside a slice of cake for Kevin.
Still, the family needed something to eat that night. It had gone three days without food, and everyone was growing weak.
Kevin and Castro had heard about an abandoned field a 45-minute walk from their home where other neighbours had been foraging for bitter yuca.
As they emerged from the field, four men with pistols surrounded them and demanded their cellphones, Castro said. It was a narrow brush with disaster, and the two men breathed a sigh of relief that they still had the yuca. They did not know the worst was to come.
The family knew the risks of bitter yuca and had tried to dry it to extract the toxins, a practice used to make a dried bread served locally.
“We had nothing Castro said.
But by 11:30pm on July 25, the night before Kevin’s birthday, the family was getting sick. Castro said he was vomiting. Kevin was on the floor.
Yuca intoxication is treated with stomach pumping, and intravenous solutions, among other measures. But Kevin’s family said he had waited untreated for hours in the crowded halls of the Manuel Nunez Tovar hospital, without being examined by a doctor.
Dr Luis Briceno, the hospital’s director, said it was a common situation at his hospital, which is stretched thin. Sometimes his emergency room, with a capacity for 200 people, is packed with 450 patients seeking help. “There is always someone who doesn’t receive treatment,” Briceno said.
He said medical shortages were so common that patients often had to find and buy their own supplies, like intravenous solutions, though he thought the hospital probably had some the night Kevin arrived.
But Lugo said a nurse had told the family to go out and buy the intravenous solution itself. Relatives found it from a black-market seller. The cost – about $4 – was more than they could afford.
Finally, another family with extra bottles of the solution gave two to Kevin, but there was little change in his condition. Around 4am on July 26, the morning of his birthday, Kevin could barely speak.
“His stomach felt like stone,” his mother said. Lugo was alone with her son. She recalled a black liquid oozing from his mouth. Then, at 4:45am, Kevin was dead. Kevin’s coffin was trailed by a long parade of friends the day of his funeral, a path his mother retraces every Sunday when she visits the grave.
On a recent day, she pointed out the Catholic church where he was baptised and the street he played on as a child. A cousin of his walked by.
“Look at him,” she said. “They look exactly the same.” And she said it again: “Since my mother raised me, and now with my children, we always had a tradition of singing Happy Birthday in the morning.”
The day of the funeral, she sang the song before the coffin was lowered. else to eat,”