CO2 emissions ‘to rise this year’
THE carbon dioxide emissions that drive global warming, flat since 2014, are set to rise 2 percent this year, dashing hopes they had peaked, scientists reported at UN climate talks yesterday.
“This is very disappointing,” said Corinne Le Quere, director of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research at the University of East Anglia and lead author of a major study detailing the findings.
“With global CO2 emissions from human activities estimated at 41 billion tonnes for 2017, time is running out on our ability to keep warming below 2 degrees Celsius [3.6 degrees Fahrenheit], let alone 1.5C.”
The 196-nation Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015, calls for capping global warming at 2C below pre-industrial levels.
With the planet out of kilter after only 1 degree of warming – enough to amplify deadly heatwaves, droughts, and superstorms – the treaty also vows to explore the feasibility of holding the line at 1.5C.
Earth is overheating due to the burning of oil, gas and especially coal to power the global economy. Deforestation also plays a critical role.
“The news that emissions are rising after a three-year hiatus is a giant leap backward for humankind,” said Amy Luers, a climate policy adviser to Barack Obama and executive director of Future Earth, which cosponsored the research.
This year’s climate summit is presided by Fiji, one of dozens of small island nations whose very existence is threatened by rising seas engorged by warmer water and melt-off from ice sheets on Greenland and Antarctica.
Thousands of diplomats in Bonn are negotiating the “rulebook” for the Paris pact, which goes into effect in 2020.
To stay below the 2C threshold, greenhouse gas emissions should peak and begin to curve downward by 2020, earlier research has shown.
Stalled CO2 emissions from 2014 through 2016 – due to better energy efficiency, a boom in renewables, and reduced coal use in China – raised expectations that the world had turned the corner. Those hopes were premature.
“As each year ticks by, the chances of avoiding 2C of warming continue to diminish,” said co-author Glen Peters, research director at Center for International Climate Research in Oslo, Norway. “Given that 2C is extremely unlikely based on current progress, then 1.5C is a distant dream.”
The study fingered China as the single largest cause of resurgent fossil fuel emissions in 2017, with the country’s coal, oil and natural gas use up 3, 5 and 12 percent, respectively.
China alone accounts for nearly 30 percent of global carbon pollution.
Emissions from India – the world’s fourth largest emitter after the United States and the European Union – are projected to grow by 2 percent, down from a 6.7-percent increase the year before.
CO2 emissions in the United States will drop by only 0.4 percent in 2017, compared to 1.2 percent annually over the previous decade.
For the first time in five years, US coal use is projected to rise.
The Paris Agreement rests on voluntary carbon-cutting pledges from virtually every country in the world. But even if fulfilled, those promissory notes are not enough to keep Earth in the safe zone, and would still see global temperatures rise a devastating 3C by century’s end.
“Global commitments made in Paris to reduce emissions are still not being matched by actions,” said Peters.
The bottom line, say experts, is that the global economy is not shifting quickly enough from fossil fuels to low- or zerocarbon energy.
Solar and wind energy have grown 14 percent annually since 2012, but still only account for a tiny fraction – less than four percent – of global energy consumption.
The transition from dirty to clean energy has been slowed by oil, gas and coal subsidies that topped $320 million (€270 million) in 2015, according to the International Energy Agency.
Oceans and forests combined absorbed over half of the CO2 emissions from human activity, with the rest staying in the atmosphere, the study showed.
“We would expect that the carbon sinks will eventually weaken as temperatures continue to rise, but how much and how fast is an active area of research,” said Peters.
The report contained a sliver of good news. In 21 countries comprising a fifth of global carbon pollution, CO2 emissions are clearly on the decline despite economic growth.
All are in Europe except Jamaica and the United States.