Iran passes uranium enrichment cap set by 2015 deal
IRAN on Monday breached a uranium enrichment cap set by a troubled 2015 nuclear deal and warned Europe against taking retaliatory measures, as France decided to send an envoy to Tehran to try to calm tensions.
The move came more than a year after Washington pulled out of the landmark accord between world powers and Tehran, which says it has lost patience with perceived inaction by the remaining European partners.
After Tehran’s latest step, US President Donald Trump held talks with his French counterpart Emmanuel Macron on “ongoing efforts to ensure that Iran does not obtain a nuclear weapon and to end Iran’s destabilising behaviour in the Middle East”, the White House said in a statement.
Iran surpassing the cap and reaching 4.5 per cent enrichment was announced by the country’s atomic energy organisation spokesman Behrouz Kamalvandi.
“This level of purity completely satisfies the power plant fuel requirements of the country,” he said, quoted by the semi-official Isna news agency.
Kamalvandi hinted that the Islamic republic might stick to this level of enrichment for the time being, which is well below the more than 90 per cent level required for a nuclear warhead.
The UN nuclear watchdog, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), confirmed that Iran had enriched uranium to a level above the deal’s cap.
The IAEA said its inspectors “on July 8 verified that Iran is enriching uranium above 3.67 per cent U-235”.
The EU said it was “extremely concerned” by the development and ca lled on Iran to “reverse a ll activ it ies” inconsistent with its deal commitments.
France, Germany and Britain – t he European partners of t he internationa l deal – a lso urged Tehran to halt its advance towards breaching t he cap, as Paris said it was sending a specia l envoy to Tehran on Tuesday and Wednesday to tr y and “de-esca late” tensions.
‘Skip next steps’
Iran’s foreign ministr y warned against any esca lator y response.
If the Europeans “do certain strange acts, then we would sk ip a ll t he next steps [in t he plan to sca le back commitments] and implement the last one”, ministr y spokesman Abbas Mousavi said.
He did not specif y what the final step would be but President Hassan Rouhani had warned prev iously t hat Iran could leave t he nuclear accord.
Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif reiterated t hat Ira n’s actions could be reversed if European partners deliver on t heir part, insisting t here was no better pact than the 2015 deal, of which he was a key architect.
“As it becomes increasingly clear that there won’t be a better deal, they’re bizarrely urging Iran’s full compliance. There’s a way out,” he tweeted.
US ‘bullying’
US Secretar y of State Mike Pompeo tweeted on Sunday t hat Iran would face “f urt her isolation and sanctions”.
China and Russia, the other deal partners, both blamed the US for the latest step by Iran.
Beijing accused Washington of “unilateral bullying”, while Moscow said passing the enrichment cap was one of the “consequences” of the White House abandoning the deal.
Macron held an hour-long conversation with Rouhani on Saturday and said he wanted to “explore the conditions for a resumption of dia log ue bet ween a ll parties” within a week.
His envoy Emmanuel Bonne will visit Iran “to piece together a de-escalation [strategy], with the actions which need to be taken immediately before July 15”, the French presidency said on Monday.
Iran’s Deputy Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi on Sunday singled out declining oil sa les and t he ef fect of financial sanctions as the main issues that needed to be solved.
Otherwise, he said, Tehran would further step back from its nuclear commitments.
Iran says it is not violating the deal, citing terms of the agreement allowing one side to temporarily abandon some of commitments if it deems the other side is not respecting its part of the accord.
According to Middle East analyst Sanam Vakil, Europe would need to engage Iran and the US simultaneously to prevent t he situation escalating even further.
“A ‘freeze for freeze’ is the most immediate goal; keeping Iran within the JCPOA and then sanctions relief from the Trump administration,” said Vakil, a senior research fellow at the Chatham House think-tank in London, refer r ing to t he Joint Comprehensive Pla n of Act ion nuclear deal.
Rouhani in May flagged Tehran’s intentions to start enriching uranium above the agreed maximum purification level of 3.67 per cent.
The IAEA confirmed this month that Iran has exceeded a 300kg limit on enriched uranium reserves, another cap that was imposed by the deal.