Indonesia coal-gasification project ‘loss-making’ enterprise
A MULTIBILLION-DOLLAR and flagship coal gasification project in South Sumatra might do more harm than good for Indonesia’s economy, the latest Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA) report has found.
The upcoming project, which aims to produce 1.4 million tonnes of coalderived cooking gas (DME) each year, will cost Indonesia more from “a new generation of fossil fuel subsidies” than save from lower oil and gas imports, according to the report released on November 10.
“Technical viability is not the same as economic viability. The DME project doesn’t make economic sense,” said report author and energy finance analyst Ghee Peh.
He calculated that the $2 billion project would cost its executor, stateowned coal miner PT Bukit Asam, around $377 million in operational losses each year. The government would need to heavily subsidise the project just to make it run.
Furthermore, the potential subsidy spending outweighs any potential savings from importing liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), the country’s cooking fuel of choice, which costs around $358 million to buy each year. The difference is $19 million annually.
“Our calculations show the production cost of DME will be nearly twice that of current LPG import prices,” said Peh, referring to the IEEFA’s estimated cost of $470 per tonne of DME.
Officials have touted Bukit Asam’s coal-to-DME plant – the first and only plant of its kind in Indonesia – as a solution to curb Indonesia’s consumption of LPG, a fuel that is heavily imported at the expense of reducing the country’s trade surplus.
The Energy and Mineral Resources Ministry completed in July a test on the technical limits of using DME as an LPG substitute for cooking.
Indonesia’s oil and gas imports reached $1.17 billion in September this year, up 23.5 per cent from the previous month as the economy reopened but down 26.3 per cent from September last year, before the health crisis unfolded, Statistics Indonesia (BPS) data shows.
Coal miners have warned that coal gasification was a very expensive undertaking and therefore, asked for huge incentives to make projects feasible. IEEFA’s analysis puts a clear price tag on those warnings.
The government has, regardless, gone ahead and offered zero per cent coal royalty to incentivise such projects. The incentive is written under Article 128A of the recently passed Job Creation Law.
Bukit Asam, in its official response on Thursday, did not defend the project’s economic feasibility but instead highlighted its other economic impacts.
The publicly listed miner mentioned, for instance, attracting investment, creating over 7,900 jobs and absorbing over the next 30 years 180 million tonnes of domestically produced, low-calorie coal “that might not be sold otherwise”.
“Studies have been done comprehensively by involving international standard technical, financial and legal consultants,” said Bukit Asam corporate secretary Apollonius Andwie.
The project is slated to begin construction next year and be commercially operational in the third quarter of 2024. The government listed the plant as a priority project under the 2020-2024 Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN).
For Bukit Asam, aside from being its shareholder’s order, the coal gasification project is also a moonshot investment to diversify its products as the world slowly shifts away from coal.
Bukit Asam president director Arviyan Arifin acknowledged on November 6 that “in 20 to 30 years, no one would use coal” and therefore, the company planned to raise production and invest in converting coal into gas and electricity.
The miner is also building the 1,240MW Sumsel 8 coal-fired power plant attached to its mine in South Sumatra. The $1.68 billion project is slated to begin operation in early 2022.