The world is struggling with plastic pollution - Canada is no exception

As thousands of delegates meet in Ottawa this week to work toward a global treaty on curbing plastic waste, the experts say the world may never get a bet‐ ter opportunity to confront the problem.

In a series of interviews with CBC's The House airing Saturday, participants at this week's United Nations con‐ ference said the problem of plastic waste goes far beyond questions about whether a particular item can go in the blue bin, or what happened to plastic straws.

The Ottawa negotiations are the second-to-last meet‐ ing before 176 countries are expected to finalize a treaty to tackle plastic waste by ad‐ dressing plastics throughout their lifecycle, from produc‐ tion to use and disposal.

"Ottawa really needs to be a turning point," Graham For‐ bes, the global plastics project leader at Greenpeace, told CBC News ahead of the meetings. "We're in a makeor-break moment for the global plastics treaty negotia‐ tions."

One expert told The House host Catherine Cullen this week that the treaty needs to address aspects of waste disposal even more basic than questions about international plastic stan‐ dards and recycling.

"Well, the reality is that 67 per cent of the global popula‐ tion do not have access to waste collection services," said Clarissa Morawski, CEO of Reloop Platform, an antiwaste advocacy group.

"And that's the fundamen‐ tal reason why we have a plastics pollution problem. So the first thing we need to do is get everybody around the world up to that 95 per cent coverage level."

Environment Minister Steven Guilbeault told CBC's Power & Politics this week that the international ap‐ proach would allow the global community to meet ambitious targets, including the goal of ending plastic pol‐ lution by 2040 agreed to by a group of countries known as the High Ambition Coalition.

"Right now it's a handful of countries that are doing things like bans of single-use plastics. But when it's 100 countries, 150 countries, al‐ most 200 countries, then it is going to be much easier to do that," Guilbeault said.

The struggle over singleuse plastics

Domestically, debate con‐ tinues over the best way to address plastic waste in Canada.

The federal government recently announced a reg‐ istry to track the kinds of plastic that are produced in Canada. It's part of an effort to create a national standard to replace provincial tracking programs that Environment Canada says are not consis‐ tent across jurisdictions.

The registry is part of the federal government's overall effort to reduce plastic waste in Canada. Canadians throw away more than four million tonnes of plastic waste every year, according to Ottawa. Only nine per cent is recy‐ cled, with the bulk ending up in landfills.

WATCH | The against plastic waste: fight

A Federal Court judge also ruled last year that Canada's decision to list plastics as tox‐ ic, a step that helped lead to a ban on some single-use plastics, was unconstitution‐ al. Ottawa is appealing the ruling.

That ruling has been stayed, meaning the antisingle-use plastic regulations are still in effect. But the Con‐ servatives are pushing legis‐ lation that would bring back plastic straws, spurred by new research showing that some compostable items are made with what are known as "forever chemicals," po‐ tentially harmful substances.

Another key development in recycling programs in Canada is the transition across the country - at differ‐ ent stages in different provinces and territories - to what's called extended pro‐ ducer responsibility (EPR). Under EPR, producers take on responsibility for products throughout their lifecycles. For plastics, that means deal‐ ing with them after they're used by consumers.

"Ultimately, what we're on the precipice of is this huge shift in how recycling is going to be run, and it's going to not only be a better system, but a system operated and funded by the people who are making the packaging," said Allen Langdon, CEO of Circular Materials, an organi‐ zation founded by a coalition of plastic producers that im‐ plements EPR programs.

"I think what we're going to see over the next three years is a system where we're going to see almost every package in the country being able to be put in your blue box. And then we'll develop pathways to make sure that material can not only be re‐ cycled, but eventually re‐ turned to the producers."

One participant in the plastics conference this week expressed skepticism that re‐ cycling programs on their own can make a dent in the global problem.

"Recycling is a Band-Aid solution if you're looking at it from a scientific but also from an economical perspec‐ tive. Recycling is not econom‐ ical and many, many indus‐ tries that are pushing for it don't actually engage in recy‐ cling because it's too expen‐ sive," said Rufino Varea, a Fiji‐ an scientist attending the conference.

Varea said more research needs to be directed toward long-lasting (not single-use) materials that could replace plastics.