World Affairs
Central European University’s future in doubt.
Victor Orban hates liberal western values and makes no secret of it. Of late, this has led to a major row with Michael Ignatieff, Canada’s former Liberal Party leader, and American financier George Soros.
The fate of the Central European University (CEU), located in Budapest, hangs in the balance and its future will depend on which side prevails. Orban, Hungary’s prime minister since 2010, is trying to shut down the school. It’s all part of a larger battle he’s waging against western institutions. He has also ordered a crackdown on foreign-funded non-governmental organizations, or NGOs. A new law passed in June requires NGOs that receive more than $26,000-a-year from overseas to register with the authorities and to declare their “foreign status” online and in all press kits and publications.
Critics say the law is intended mainly to stifle independent points of view and to stigmatize as unpatriotic those groups that receive support from western philanthropists and foundations.
Orban has especially focused on those NGOs funded by the Open Society Foundations, the international grantmaking network founded by the Hungarian-born Soros. He considers them a “mafia-style operation” with paid political activists who threaten national sovereignty.
They “serve global capitalists and back political correctness over national governments,” remarked Szilard Németh, a vicepresident of the ruling party Fidesz.
“In Hungary the national government is under continuous pressure and attacks,” Orban stated in April, so what is at stake “is whether we will have a parliament and government serving the interests of Hungarian people” or “foreign interests.”
He called Soros an “American financial speculator attacking Hungary” who has “destroyed the lives of millions of Europeans.”
Soros in turn has denied he was trying to interfere in Hungarian politics. “He sought to frame his policies as a personal conflict between the two of us,” Soros said about Orban at the annual economic forum of the European Commission, the EU’s executive arm, in June. Orban’s government has for years tried to gain control of the country’s institutions of higher education. It now appoints powerful chancellors and tries to shape what is taught.
But the CEU remained beyond his reach. Founded in 1991, soon after Hungary emerged from decades of Communist rule, and financially supported by Soros, it operates mainly in English and concentrates on post-graduate education.
Its focus has been global, with a special emphasis on democracy promotion and human rights around the world.
In 2016, Ignatieff became the university’s fifth president. He has a longstanding connection to Hungary, and his wife, Zsuzsanna Zsohar, is Hungarianborn.
“Dr. Ignatieff is a scholar and policy practitioner and as such is ideally suited to lead CEU in these challenging times,” remarked Soros at the time. But the Hungarian government has accused the university of trying to undermine Hungary’s political culture. Fidesz has referred to the CEU as “Soros university,” and sees it as a bastion of liberalism and privilege.
The university has an endowment of over 500 million euros (over $740 million), in a country where incomes are well below the European Union average. In April the Hungarian parliament voted in favour of legislation which places tough restrictions on foreign-registered universities. It requires them to have a campus both in the capital and their home countries; the CEU only has a campus in Budapest and none in the United States. Those working at the CEU will in future require work permits, which the institution says will limit its ability to hire staff.
Ignatieff and the university have secured the support of the European Union, which has launched legal action against Hungary over its new law, claiming that the bill violated fundamental EU values such as academic freedom.
In May, a majority in the European Parliament voted for a resolution asking Hungary to repeal the law. As well, Isabelle Poupart, Canada’s ambassador in Budapest, said in a statement that Canada was “seriously concerned” about the new law. But Hungary has not backed down. “The regulation of higher education is a member-state competency, not the EU’s,” responded Zoltan Kovacs, a Hungarian government spokesman.
“All this seems like a co-ordinated attack not just on academic freedom but on freedom of association, and, finally, on democratic freedom,” contends Liviu Matei, provost of the CEU. For the first time in Europe since the Second World War, a university will have been closed for political reasons.