Pressure builds in frozen water pipes
There are steps you can take to prevent bursts, cleanups and claims
As the winter chill sets in, it’s time to think about protecting your home from the elements. For prudent homeowners, this entails taking steps to prevent pipes from freezing and bursting during the cold-weather months. A single pipe burst can cost several thousand dollars in water damage, cleanup and repair fees, according to HomeAdvisor. Though water damage from a burst pipe inside your home is typically covered by a standard homeowners insurance policy, dealing with the cleanup and filing a claim can be a hassle. The main reason pipes burst? “It’s almost always temperature-related,” says Michael Mccan, a plumbing manager in Alexandria, Va. “Any water line that goes below 32 F (0 C) can freeze.” When the water inside a pipe freezes, the ice causes an increase in pressure, and when the pressure gets too high, the pipe ruptures. Even people living in southern regions with warmer weather should still be concerned, the Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety says. In fact, “water pipes in houses in southern climates often are more vulnerable to winter cold spells, since the pipes are more likely to be located in unprotected areas outside of the building insulation, and homeowners tend to be less aware of freezing problems, which may occur only once or twice a season,” according to an IBHS report. The good news? There are precautions you can take to protect your home’s pipes from freezing — and even thaw frozen pipes safely before they burst.
ASSESS THE CONDITION
Generally, older pipes are more prone to freezing, and the lifespan of a pipe depends on its material. Richard McGarry, a certified home inspector in Gainesville, Fla., says the average life expectancy of copper and PVC pipes is roughly 50 to 70 years, and about 40 years for PEX pipes. If you have pipes that are nearing their expiration date, it’s wise to hire a plumber to inspect their condition. If they need to be replaced, do it before you encounter an issue. Some pipe materials are more likely to burst than others. Because PEX tubing is flexible (copper is not), it is less likely to expand and rupture from ice formation than other materials. But it can still freeze.
ADJUST YOUR HABITS
One common scenario in which pipes freeze is when people go on vacation and turn off the heat, which causes the temperature inside the house to drop significantly. Thus, “in an unoccupied house we recommend keeping your home above at least 60 F (15 C),” Mccan says.
OTHER RULES TO FOLLOW:
Keep interior doors open to allow the heat to circulate throughout your home more efficiently. If you have ceiling fans, “flip the switch in reverse to draw the air down and warm the room,” Mccan says. Keep garage doors shut, especially if there are water lines in the garage (which tends be colder than other areas of the house). Close outdoor vents, such as in attics or crawl spaces, to prevent cold exterior air from coming in. Disconnect all outside water hoses and let cold water trickle out of faucets in unheated areas or where pipes run on an exterior wall. This can help relieve pressure from ice inside a pipe.
ADD INSULATION
Attics, basements and crawl spaces are the areas of the home most susceptible to the cold, Mccan warns, because they typically aren’t temperature-controlled. One way to maintain higher temperatures is to add insulation. “The thicker the insulation, the more freeze-proof your pipes will be,” Mccan says. There are many insulation material options. Fibreglass insulation is the gold standard, but “it’s not practical for every homeowner, because it’s more expensive than other types of insulation, and you have to bend and cut it, so installing it would require a professional,” he says. Looking for a cheaper, install-it-yourself option? Everbilt’s foam pipe insulation acts as a protective cover against cold during the winter and heat during the summer (when condensation can build) for copper and PVC pipes. Other types of pipe insulation can also be found at your local hardware or home renovation store.
INSTALL WATER ALARMS
Like smoke detectors, water sensors can be a godsend during an emergency. These devices detect leaks before costly water damage occurs, which can save you hundreds or even thousands of dollars in repairs. They can also detect moisture before mould can grow. Mccan advises placing water alarms strategically throughout your home in areas that are at risk of water damage: under sinks, behind toilets, near water heaters, refrigerators or dishwashers, washing machines, and air-conditioner drain tubes. One budget-friendly option is a set of Honeywell’s reusable water-leak alarms ($10.89 at Rona or rona.ca). Want to monitor leaks when you’re not at home? Consider buying the iHome iSB02 ($38.99 at Amazon.ca), a battery-powered install-it-yourself water monitor you control with your smartphone.
THAW PIPES PROPERLY
The clearest sign you have a frozen pipe: You turn on a faucet and only a trickle of water comes out. If that happens but there’s no water leaking, run warm water through the pipe to melt the ice. Applying heat to the pipe by wrapping it with towels soaked in hot water can also do the trick. Do not use an electric heater, hair dryer or any device with an open flame to try to thaw the ice; the high heat can damage the pipes or start a fire.
WHEN TO CALL A PLUMBER
When do you need backup? Generally, you’ll want to call a plumber if you can’t thaw a frozen pipe, a frozen pipe is cracked or leaking, or a frozen pipe is behind a wall or ceiling. HomeAdvisor reports licensed plumbers can charge about $80 to $130 an hour, depending on the job, timing and location.