Canada, U.S. sign border deal to speed crossings

Travel to the United States by road, rail and sea could undergo a major revamp as the result of a new agreement between Canada and the U.S.

Public Safety Minister Steven Blaney and Homeland Security Secretary Jeh Johnson signed a customs pre-clearance agreement that was years in the making.

The arrangement would allow customs agents to work in each other’s countries, which means they could screen passengers away from the border and ease the choke points.

That process already exists in air travel, at eight airports. People can clear U.S. customs in cities such as Vancouver, Toronto and Montreal and then, when they land, skip lines in U.S. airports.

The countries had signalled their intention to expand that arrangement to land and sea travel as part of the 2011 Beyond the Border deal between Prime Minister Stephen Harper and U.S. President Barack Obama.

But they missed a late-2012 deadline to reach a legal agreement that would let law-enforcement officials operate inside the neighbouring country.

A little more than two years later, they have finally reached that deal.

“This historic new agreement builds on decades of successful pre-clearance operations in Canadian airports,” Blaney said in a statement distributed by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.

“It will enhance the security at our border and create jobs and growth in Canada by improving the flow of legitimate goods and people between our two countries.”

Maryscott Greenwood of the Canadian American Business Council said the agreement will use modern technology to speed up things at the border. “It’s dramatic, it’s historic, it’s a big day in Canada U. S. relations,” she said.

The statement says the agreement applies to all modes of transport, which could include passenger vehicles. It also says customs agents will be allowed to carry firearms in each other’s countries.

What’s not clear is how easily the plan might be implemented. The agreement does not guarantee several developments that would be crucial:

Legislation is required. In Canada, government-supported legislation almost always passes Parliament. In the U.S., even routine legislation can mean protracted drama.

Budgeting for new customs infrastructure away from the border is yet to come.

Participation of the private sector in places such as bus and train stations has to be nailed down.

The governments have expressed a desire to open the border to legitimate travellers, while still screening for criminals.