Probiotics just 1 way to healthier gut

DEAR DR. ROACH: With the current focus on gut health, I have been hearing a lot about probiotic supplements.

Who should take them? Does the number of bacteria matter more than the types listed on the container? Does one take them daily, for a brief time period, or for extended time periods?

ANSWER: Probiotics are healthy bacteria in the large intestines that aid in digestion and possibly other functions in the body. Scientists are just beginning to understand how the intestinal bacteria (called the microbiome) affect many areas of health.

The most important are in people with gastrointestinal conditions, especially in people with inflammation from inflammatory bowel disease. Some infections, including Clostridium difficile, may be prevented and treated with probiotics.

There is very preliminary data that suggest probiotics may be helpful in young children to prevent allergies, but it’s not solid enough to recommend yet.

Probiotics are generally safe, but there have been a few cases of the probiotics entering the bloodstream in people with diseased immune systems. They are fairly expensive, however.

Having healthy gut bacteria may be of benefit in people with no specific problems. However, it is not necessary to take in bacteria to have a shift to healthier gut flora. A diet more based in plants, whole grains and nuts, with less dairy, meat and sweets (such as the Mediterranean diet) showed clear changes in the microbiome in a few days, compared with a typical Western diet.

DEAR DR. ROACH: Please explain tethered spinal cord syndrome. I’m 68 and presenting with urine and fecal incontinence and a heavy feeling in my legs after having spine surgery last year. What are my options?

ANSWER: A tethered cord usually is a problem that’s found in children, where the spinal cord gets attached to a structure in the spine. It happens often in spina bifida or similar conditions. However, it occasionally happens after spinal surgery in adults.

In a case series of adults with tethered cord, surgical release improved sensory symptoms in 80 per cent of people, motor symptoms in 70 per cent and urinary symptoms in 50 per cent. I don’t know of any effective nonsurgical therapy. The published literature followed people for two years after surgery, but noted that the spine can re-tether itself even after successful surgical repair.

This is a rare condition and one where finding a neurosurgeon with experience in tethered cord syndrome would be of immense value.