Colonoscopy can disturb delicate balance

DEAR DR. ROACH: I have primary biliary cirrhosis, for which I take Actigall. My numbers are good now. I have had loose bowel movements since a colonoscopy several months ago, and sometimes I do not make it to the bathroom in time. My doctors have not given me any advice.

ANSWER: Primary biliary cirrhosis is an autoimmune disease, meaning the body attacks its own cells. In this case, it’s the bile ducts in the liver. This causes progressive damage to the bile ducts and eventually leads to cirrhosis and liver failure. What triggers the autoimmune attack on the bile ducts is not known, but environmental factors are suspected.

Ursodeoxycholic acid (Actigall) is found in the bile of Chinese black bears (“ursa” is Latin for “bear”) and has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine. A synthetic form, nontoxic to bile ducts, has been used since the 1930s to dissolve gallstones and protect the liver. Moreover, trials have shown it is effective at improving liver function in people with PBC.

High blood levels of liver enzymes indicate liver damage, and high bilirubin indicates failure to release bile into the gallbladder or intestine. These are the numbers you are referring to as being better with treatment.

Longer studies have shown that progression of liver disease is slowed with treatment, and the need for liver transplantation is reduced by two-thirds.

There are at least two reasons that people with PBC can develop diarrhea. The first is that bile is necessary for proper absorption of fat. Without enough bile, diarrhea is common. The second is that Actigall itself causes diarrhea in at least a quarter of people who take it.

However, you had diarrhea after the colonoscopy. Colonoscopy preparation removes well over 99.99% of bacteria from the colon. When the bacteria come back, you may not have the same types of healthy bacteria. My first advice would be to try a probiotic to restore healthy bacteria. If that does not work, it would be worth a discussion with the gastroenterologist to look for fat in the stool, indicating poor absorption, likely due to inadequate bile.

DEAR DR. ROACH: Last October, my doctor suggested I receive the MMR vaccine booster shot. — I was born in 1962. Is it safe for me to get the shingles vaccine now, less than a year after my MMR booster? I was told one cannot receive two live vaccines too close together.

ANSWER: Many vaccines are supposed to be given at the same time, including live vaccines. However, the likelihood of a reaction, especially muscle aches and elevated temperature, goes up when multiple vaccines are given together.

When possible, it’s reasonable to wait a while between vaccines in older people. Even though it is not a live vaccine, the new shingles vaccine has somewhat higher likelihood of making people feel unwell for a day or so.

I prefer to give that one separately; some patients have asked for it on Friday so they have the weekend in case they get a reaction.

The MMR, by the way, is a combination of three live, weakened virus strains together, and it is a well-tolerated vaccine in most adults as well as children. They were given separately decades ago, but now only come in the U.S. as a combined vaccine.

DEAR DR. ROACH: In 1976 I lost a lung to cancer. I have enjoyed my life and never had a problem.

Recently, I fell on the golf course, and landed on my chest on the good lung side. When I hit the ground, I heard a loud crack.

I had an X-ray that day, and was so happy the X-ray showed no broken bones. It did show two or three "calcium spots" in the remaining lung.

Over the years I have had numerous Xrays, and they have all been clear. My doctor didn't seem concerned. I remember having pneumonia as a kid, but that was 75 years ago. Can you explain where these deposits come from? Should I be concerned?

ANSWER: Calcium in the lung, most commonly a calcified pulmonary nodule, has a long list of possible causes. Previous infection is one. Tuberculosis and fungal infections very commonly leave behind calcified nodules that can be seen on Xray. Benign tumors are other common causes of small areas of calcium.

If the calcium spots are small (less than five millimetres), they are rarely anything to worry about.

Many people may not even need a follow-up chest X-ray.

However, in a person with a history of lung cancer, a follow-up chest X-ray or CT scan would be prudent.

Your risk of developing another cancer almost 35 years later is small but not zero.

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