Still a trickle, but refugees return to Syria
Small number of refugees have come back home
ALEPPO, SYRIA — Desperate to escape Syria’s terrors, Ammar Maarawi bolted. In early 2016, he paid smugglers and endured a dangerous sea crossing to Greece and an exhausting journey by train, bus and foot through Europe.
Two years later, the 36-year-old is back home in Aleppo. He returned last summer — depressed, homesick and dreading another winter, he couldn’t bear life in the German city of Suhl.
Germany, he said, “was boring, boring, boring.”
Maarawi is among a small number of refugees who have come back to Syria from among the more than 5.4 million who fled their homeland since the civil war erupted in 2011. So far, they are just a trickle, numbering in the tens of thousands. The United Nations and host governments in Europe are not encouraging returns, saying the country is not safe.
But the stream of returnees may grow over the coming year as stability returns to Syria and as hostility grows to refugees in host nations. The Russia- and Iran-backed military of President Bashar Assad has retaken almost all major cities, and the Islamic State group has been driven out of almost all the territory it once held.
Motivations for going back are many. Simple homesickness is one. Many refugees have burned through whatever savings they have and either can’t find or aren’t allowed to work. Hundreds of thousands languish in camps in the neighbour countries. Those who make it to Europe often get assistance, but some find the West doesn’t hold the opportunities they hoped — or they face discrimination or they feel alienated in a different culture with language barriers and harsh weather.
Still, the reasons to remain in exile also weigh heavily. The calm in some parts of Syria relies on tenuous local truces. Fighting still rages in some areas, including between Assad and rebels in the northwest and other pockets. Many young men won’t come back fearing they’ll have to do their compulsory military service. Even in parts where fighting has stopped and seems unlikely to return for the moment, cities have suffered massive destruction.
An estimate 6.1 million Syrians still in the country are displaced from their homes — so refugees are not the only ones waiting to go back.
Figures on returnees are difficult to pin down. Syrian officials say they do not have exact numbers, adding that many come back through Lebanon and are not questioned if they were refugees or simply travelling Syrians. European countries and Turkey do not track whether Syrians leaving are returning home.
The UNHCR has observed some 68,000 refugees who returned on their own from neighbouring countries from January to October 2017, the most recent figures available, according to spokesman Andrej Mahecic. He said the number of returnees is dwarfed by those remaining in Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey and Europe, and those still leaving Syria.
Turkey, home to 3.5 million Syrian refugees, seized a pocket of territory in northwest Syria along the countries’ shared border last year. Since then, some 130,000 Syrians from that area have returned.
From Jordan, home to 650,000 refugees, only around 8,000 Syrians returned home in all of 2017, according to UNHCR figures. Most went soon after a local truce was reached in part of southern Syria in July, then the numbers tapered off later in the year. In Lebanon, the UNHCR said last month that the number of registered refugees dropped to below one million for the first time since 2014. Some had resettled in third countries or had died, but a few thousand returned home.
Not all are going back because they are ready.
One woman, Umm Wissam, told The Associated Press she returned to Syria in August after six years in Jordan. Her husband was deported several months earlier — one of around 2,300 deported by Jordan in 2017. He had been working in construction in Jordan and without his income, Umm Wissam and the couple’s five children couldn’t continue to live there. The family is from Aleppo, but the cost of living there has forced them to settle in the southern Syrian city of Daraa.
“The situation here, unfortunately, is no water, no electricity, no work. Our situation is very tiring, I swear to God,” she wrote on WhatsApp.