Bear-sized wombat cousin once roamed Australia
A powerfully-built relative of modern wombats that was the size of a black bear roamed Australia’s woodlands about 25 million years ago, possessing shovel-shaped hands and strong forelimbs indicating it was an adept digger.
The plant-eating mammal, called Mukupirna nambensis, known from the fossil of a partial skull and much of the skeleton unearthed at Lake Pinpa in northeastern South Australia state, is one of the earliest-known large-bodied Australian marsupials, scientists said.
Mukupirna, meaning big bones in the local Aboriginal
language, provides insight into the evolution of a marsupial group called vombatiforms that includes koalas and wombats. It was a cousin of wombats — distinctive muscular and shortlegged animals — and boasts skeletal traits showing the beginnings of certain wombat features such as adaptations for digging, though probably was unable to burrow like a wombat.
Australia was dominated not by placental mammals — cats, dogs, elephants, apes, horses and others — as most continents were after the demise of the dinosaurs 66 million years ago but by marsupials, mammals that give birth to immature young to be carried and suckled in a pouch on the mother’s belly.
Mukupirna weighed about 150 kilograms, similar to an American black bear and five times bigger that modern wombats.
“It may have looked a bit wombat-like, but with a smaller head, longer, less robust limbs and a longer tail. It probably fed on roots and tubers, which it could have dug up with its powerful forelimbs,” said Robin Beck, a lecturer in biology at the University of Salford in England who led the research published in the journal Scientific Reports.
“It is a very unusual animal, related to wombats but with its own unique features that led us to classify it in its own family,” Beck added.