Toxic sites and a survivor’s tale
Environmental agency officials have not visited troublespots, some of which are accessible only by boat
HIGHLANDS, Texas — Floodwaters have inundated at least seven highly contaminated toxic waste sites near Houston, raising concerns that the pollution there might spread.
The Associated Press visited the sites this past week, some of them still only accessible by boat.
Long a centre of the U.S. petrochemical industry, the Houston metro area has more than a dozen such Superfund sites, designated by the Environmental Protection Agency as being among the most intensely contaminated places in the United States.
On Saturday, hours after the AP published its first report, the EPA said it had reviewed aerial imagery confirming that 13 of the 41 Superfund sites in Texas were flooded by Harvey and were “experiencing possible damage” due to the storm.
The statement confirmed the AP’s reporting that the EPA had not yet been able to visit the Houston-area sites, saying the sites had “not been accessible by response personnel.”
AP journalists used a boat to document the condition of one flooded Houston-area Superfund site, but accessed others with a vehicle or on foot. The EPA did not immediately respond to questions about why its personnel had not done so.
Houston Mayor Sylvester Turner, speaking with reporters at a news conference on Saturday after the AP report, said he wants the EPA to address the situation.
Near the Highlands Acid Pit, across the swollen San Jacinto River from Houston, Dwight Chandler sipped beer and swept out the thick muck caked inside his devastated home. He worried whether Harvey’s floodwaters had also washed in pollution from the Superfund site just a couple of blocks away.
In the 1950s, the pit was filled with toxic sludge and sulfuric acid from oil and gas operations. Though 22,000 cubic yards of hazardous waste and soil were excavated in the 1980s, the site is still considered a potential threat to groundwater, and EPA maintains monitoring wells there.
When he was growing up in Highlands, Chandler, now 62, said he and his friends used to swim in the by-then-abandoned pit.
“My daddy talks about having bird dogs down there to run and the acid would eat the pads off their feet,” he recounted Thursday. “We didn’t know any better.” EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt has said cleaning up Superfund sites is a priority, even as he has taken steps to roll back or delay rules aimed at preventing air and water pollution. U.S. President Donald Trump’s proposed 2018 budget seeks to cut money for the Superfund program by 30 per cent, though congressional Republicans are likely to approve less severe reductions.
Like Trump, Pruitt has expressed skepticism about the predictions of climate scientists that warmer air and warmer seas will produce stronger, more drenching storms.
Under the administration of former U.S. president Barack Obama, the EPA conducted a nationwide assessment of the increased threat to Superfund sites posed by climate change, including rising sea levels and stronger hurricanes. Of the more than 1,600 sites reviewed as part of the 2012 study, 521 were determined to be in 1-in-100 year and 1-in-500 year flood zones. Nearly 50 sites in coastal areas could also be vulnerable to rising sea levels.
The threats to human health and wildlife posed by rising waters inundating Superfund sites vary widely depending on the specific contaminants and concentrations involved. But the EPA report specifically noted the risk that floodwaters might carry away and spread toxic materials over a wider area.
In Crosby, across the San Jacinto River from Houston, a small working-class neighbourhood sits between two Superfund sites, French LTD and the Sikes Disposal Pits. The area was wrecked by Harvey’s floods, with only a single house from among the roughly dozen lining Hickory Lane still standing.
After the floodwater receded on Friday, a sinkhole the size of a swimming pool had opened up and swallowed two cars. The acrid smell of creosote filled the air.
The water had receded by Saturday at Brio Refining Inc. and Dixie Oil Processors, a pair of neighbouring Superfund sites about 30 kilometres southeast of downtown Houston in Friendswood. Both sites were caped with a liner and soil as part of EPA-supervised cleanup efforts aimed at preventing the contamination from spreading during floods.
A security guard at the Patrick Bayou Superfund site, located just off the Houston Ship Channel in Deer Park, said on Saturday that flooding came hundreds of feet inland during the storm. The water had since receded back into the bayou, where past testing shows sediments contain pesticides, toxic heavy metals and PCBs.
The San Jacinto River Waste Pits Superfund site was completely covered by water when an AP reporter saw it Thursday. According to its website, the EPA was set to make a final decision this year about a proposed $97< million US cleanup effort to remove toxic waste from a paper mill that operated there in the 1960s.
The flow from the river washing over the toxic site was so intense it damaged an adjacent section of the Interstate 10 bridge, which has been closed to traffic due to concerns it might collapse.
There was no way immediately to assess how much contaminated soil from the site might have been washed away. According to an EPA survey from last year, soil from the former waste pits contains dioxins and other long-lasting toxins linked to birth defects and cancer.
Kara Cook-Schultz, who studies Superfund sites for the advocacy group TexPIRG, said environmentalists have warned for years about the potential for flooding to inundate Texas Superfund sites, particularly the San Jacinto Waste Pits.
“If floodwaters have spread the chemicals in the waste pits, then dangerous chemicals like dioxin could be spread around the wider Houston area,” Cook-Schultz said. “Superfund sites are known to be the most dangerous places in the country, and they should have been properly protected against flooding.”