Seniors in private care homes more likely to die in hospital, report finds
Seniors who live in privately run care homes are far more likely to die in hospital than those who live in facilities run by public health authorities, according to a report by B.C.’s seniors advocate.
The report, released by seniors advocate Isobel Mackenzie on Wednesday, found that if you live in a seniors facility run by a private company or non-profit organization, you are 32 per cent more likely to be sent to the hospital emergency department. Once there, those seniors have a 54 per cent higher chance of dying at the hospital than those who live in a care home run by a public health authority, according to the report.
Mackenzie called the discrepancy “stunning” and wrote that the private care operators appear to be persistently failing compared with publicly run facilities when it comes to keeping seniors out of hospital emergency rooms.
“Hospitals are not the best place for the frail elderly,” Mackenzie said in a statement accompanying her research.
“Issues related to deconditioning and the anxiety of unfamiliar places and interrupted routines can have a significant impact on the health and well-being of the frail elderly population. We also know that most people want to die at home and for many of our frail and elderly seniors, ‘home’ is the residential care facility. With a rate more than double the public facilities, we really need to ask why contracted care facilities are seeing their residents die in the hospital.”
Private care homes attacked Mackenzie for the report, suggesting her research should be peer-reviewed by a third party for accuracy and accusing her of instilling “fear and uncertainty” into the senior care system.
“Unfortunately, this flawed report appears to have been produced at the last minute and is filled with questionable suppositions and political buzzwords, rather than independent research,” said Daniel Fontaine, CEO of the B.C. Care Providers Association, which represents most of the province’s private contractors.
Fontaine said the report only looked at a small number of overall visits by seniors to emergency departments, is not representative of rural and remote areas of the province and did not substantiate whether ER visits were inappropriate or not.
The Denominational Health Association, representing faithbased contractors such as the Baptist, Lutheran and Good Samaritan housing societies, said it was not consulted about the research and also disagreed with the conclusions.
B.C.’s Office of the Seniors Advocate monitors and analyzes issues related to seniors. The office reports to the minister of health and has a mandate in legislation giving it investigative powers.
Mackenzie’s report found a senior from a privately run facility will stay in hospital on average 32 per cent longer, opening up an increased risk of danger due to stress, a lack of mobility in hospital beds and the risk of hospital-acquired infections.
Fixing the problem, by reducing hospitalization rates of private care homes, could save B.C.’s health system $16 million a year and free up 15,481 beds, Mackenzie estimated. Almost 28,000 seniors in B.C. live in 293 publicly subsidized care facilities. About a third of beds are operated by a public health authority, the rest by contractors who receive government funds.
Mackenzie wrote she was compelled to conduct her research after working at six B.C. hospitals and hearing from doctors and nurses that it was predictable to see some patients admitted because they came from care homes with high hospital referral rates.
“The data do support the first observation from emergency department clinicians that private care facilities are sending residents to the emergency department more frequently than public facilities, even though the data indicate they care for less complex and frail residents,” the report says.
The most common ailments that result in a senior’s death in hospital are pneumonitis, pneumonia, sepsis, hip fractures, congestive heart failure and progressive lung diseases.
Why private facilities have higher hospitalization rates was not answered in Mackenzie’s research, though she was able to conclude that the number of funded direct-care hours per senior didn’t affect ER transfers.
Mackenzie questioned whether the skill mix of privatecare staff is a factor. Private care workers are generally paid lower wages than workers in publicly-run facilities and are sometimes fired en masse by private operators and then rehired in a practice known as contract flipping, which can lead to instability in a care home’s workforce, she wrote.
“There is a problem — that is clear from the data — but we cannot find solutions if we do not understand what is causing the problem,” wrote Mackenzie. “Undoubtedly, some contracted care providers will be uncomfortable with some of these questions and fixing the problem may have a financial impact on the care home operators’ profitability. However, fixing the problem may also bring the care home operators more resources that will allow them to improve the outcome of care for their residents, and that is a goal that we should all embrace.”