Fashion houses run afoul of renewed focus on racism

MILAN — Luxury fashion is all about breaking codes and creating a new, irresistible message that captivates consumers. But some of the globe’s top brands have raised eyebrows with designs that have racist connotations.

The latest instance of that was Italian fashion designer Gucci, which produced a black wool balaclava sweater with an oversized collar that pulls over the chin and nose. It includes a slit where the mouth is, ringed with what look like giant red lips. Its similarity to blackface prompted an instant backlash from the public and forced the company to apologize publicly late Wednesday.

And it’s not just the fashion labels. Adidas on Thursday apologized and announced it was removing a running shoe from its collection celebrating Black History Month. It did so after critics slammed the company on social media for including the allwhite shoe in a collection Adidas said was inspired by the Harlem Renaissance.

Gucci also withdrew its offending garment from sale on websites and stores, and said the incident would be “a powerful learning moment for the Gucci team and beyond.”

But the question persists: How can fashion houses that thrive on detail miss such critical social cues?

Prada similarly withdrew a monkey bag charm that recalled blackface in December, saying it “abhors racist imagery.” And Dolce & Gabbana issued a video apology after one of the designers made insulting remarks about the Chinese in a private chat discussing the questionable depiction of a Chinese model in a campaign.

“Luxury brands used to be able to get away with provocative and eccentric ads that push the boundaries of our society and culture in the name of being creative and cutting edge,” said Qing Wang, a professor of marketing at Warwick Business School.

“However, a long list of recent incidents have caused public outrage, suggesting that era is now gone or that luxury brands have lost touch with public sentiment. What used to be considered “creativity” has now turned into “bad taste” or even “racist,” he said.

He cited other fashion fails that evoked stereotypes, including Dolce & Gabbana’s “slave sandal” in its spring/summer 2016 collection and a recent Burberry campaign for the Chinese New Year that was compared to Asian horror films.

While many of these incidents have caused immediate social media backlashes, the longerterm impact will take time to measure, and will depend on the brands’ reaction and future sensitivity.

Italian sociologist Michele Sorice at Rome’s Luiss university says that the evocation of blackface by Italian fashion houses signals “a mixture of good faith and ignorance.” He noted that Italian society still wasn’t fully aware of the racial charge in some words and images.

“I imagine that they don’t truly think they are racist,” Sorice said. “I think they didn’t have the instruments to understand that these images are archetypes that were used to contrast the concept of blackness and make them ridiculous. I think that many simply don’t know.

“It is a cultural issue.”