Bird feeders all about location, location, location
Feeding birds in winter is one of the most popular wildlife-watching activities, yet many ornithologists say it’s often more rewarding for people than for birds.
And it might even put wild birds at risk.
“Feeding birds is not necessary for their survival except in extreme weather conditions,” said Stephen Kress, vice-president for bird conservation at the National Audubon Society. “Feeders can definitely help them get through that kind of weather.”
Most birds are insect eaters and aren’t attracted to backyard feeders. “For those birds, I recommend planting natural habitat and native plants,” Kress said. Besides, birds who do eat seed “will be more likely to come to feeders if there is some cover nearby. They’ll be able to feed and dodge back into the safety of shrubbery.”
The most common error people make when managing bird feeders is putting them in locations where birds are frightened by foot traffic, vulnerable to predation by cats or at risk of flying into windows.
“If a feeder is within three feet of a window, it’s better,” Kress said. “If a bird is spooked, it won’t be killed when it strikes the glass. And keep your cats indoors so they can’t stalk vulnerable birds and animals.”
Learn which bird species frequent your area so you can avoid feeder wars and understand the pecking order. “Some birds are more aggressive at feeders,” Kress said. “They can consume a lot and not leave much for the others.”
One answer is to feed at multiple locations using different kinds of seeds and feeders. Nyjer seeds attract goldfinches, while tube feeders with wire covers prevent large birds from entering.
Pay attention to seed quality and freshness. Unprotected seed left too long in feeders will turn mouldy, and mould can kill foraging wildlife. Refresh your feeders every few days and clean them frequently by soaking them in a solution of 10 per cent bleach.
“You can feed more effectively and efficiently by using black-oil sunflower seeds, as it is the preferred seed by most feeder birds,” said Adam Rohnke, a senior Extension associate at Mississippi State University. “An added benefit is reducing waste seed [on the ground] from seed mixes, which can attract rodents.”
Rohnke advised boosting the number and diversity of bird species by providing different types of feeders to resemble their natural feeding behaviours. “For example, ground-dwelling birds such as doves, towhees and others prefer low platform feeders because they feed on the ground.”
Feeder-friendly birds also like suet (woodpeckers, jays, songbirds), fruit (orioles, bluebirds, waxwings) and mealworms (robins, chickadees, wrens).
Do not feed wild birds anything salty (whole peanuts, crackers, potato chips) or food that could choke them (plain bread, fats).
Provide a steady supply of clean water, but shop around for shallow birdbath designs. Most are too deep for birds, Kress said.
Placing a few large stones in a birdbath can provide perches.