WOMEN OF FILM
Ava DuVernay and other female directors to be spotlighted by Turner Classic Movies channel,
Illeana Douglas is struck by one omission from the American Film Institute’s list of the 100 greatest American movies. There are epics, comedies, science-fiction films and musicals, but there is not a single movie directed by a woman.
“I find that embarrassing. Out of all of the films, they couldn’t find one movie directed by a woman?” Douglas asked. “That just seems odd to me. Why don’t we have more women here? Let’s talk about it.”
Douglas is the host of a new, multiyear programming initiative at Turner Classic Movies (TCM) called Trailblazing Women that will profile 47 female directors this month, with a focus on the silent era and continuing through to the work of such contemporary directors as Kathryn Bigelow and Ava DuVernay.
The cable network, which is producing the programming in partnership with Women in Film/Los Angeles, will highlight such filmmakers as France’s Alice Guy-Blaché, who shot sound movies in the 1890s and ran her own studio; Ida Lupino, whose 1950 film noir Outrage is the Citizen Kane of rape culture; Claudia Weill, whose 1978 comedy Girlfriends is the cool big sister to Lena Dunham’s Girls; and Julie Dash’s 1988 period drama Daughters of the Dust, the first feature directed by an African-American woman to be distributed theatrically in the U.S. “Young women just don’t know about these films,” Douglas said. “It gives them a sense of, ‘Wow, we don’t have to look up to the same five people. There’s this whole army of women.’ ”
The programming push comes as the status of female directors in Hollywood is an increasingly contentious issue. In May, the American Civil Liberties Union urged three government agencies to investigate gender discrimination at movie and TV studios.
A Times analysis early this year found that the number of female directors had remained stubbornly low over the last five years, falling to 4.6 per cent in 2014.
The situation has been exacerbated by the industry’s shift toward bigbudget comic book and visual effects-driven films over the comedies and dramas that have historically provided the few female directing spots. The impetus for the series was a conversation Charles Tabesh, TCM’s vice-president of programming, had 18 months ago with Lionsgate over whether the classic film network would be interested in the rights to the studio’s 2008 movie The Hurt Locker, which earned Bigelow a directing Oscar, the first for a woman.
Tabesh thought the film could kick- start a look at the legacy of women in Hollywood: “We delve into film history in so many different ways. It immediately seemed like an important . . . thing to do. Women are still under-represented.”
Though female directors worked steadily in the silent era, Tabesh was shocked to find only four women — Lupino, Dorothy Arzner, Elaine May and Joan Darling — who had directed studio films from the dawn of the sound era through the 1970s.
“Part of the goal was to point that out and show a gradual evolution as you get into the 1980s, when women were making movies outside of Hollywood, in documentaries, independent films, foreign films.”
Films made outside the Hollywood studios that TCM will highlight include Barbara Kopple’s 1977 docu- mentary about a Kentucky coal miners’ strike, Harlan County, USA, which won the Academy Award for documentary feature; Barbara Loden’s low-budget 1970 drama Wanda, in which Loden, the wife of director Elia Kazan, also plays the title role of an unhappy housewife; and Italian writer-director Lina Wertmuller’s 1973 tale of an anarchist preparing to assassinate Mussolini, Love and Anarchy.
The network will also curate a night of films directed by African-American women, including DuVernay’s South L.A.-set Middle of Nowhere (2012), and a night of mainstream hits, such as Nora Ephron’s 1993 romantic comedy Sleepless in Seattle.
Many of the movies are difficult to find in other places — Lupino’s Outrage has never been released on DVD and used copies of Dash’s Daughters of the Dust are going for $100 on Amazon. Program co-hosts will include female directors Dash, Allison Anders and Amy Heckerling, as well as producer Cathy Schulman and author Cari Beauchamp.
“Doing the show for me is an emotional experience,” Douglas said, citing the effect of a powerful woman, Gloria Swanson, who played opposite her grandfather, Melvyn Douglas, in his screen debut, 1931’s Tonight or Never. “Women were quite powerful in early Hollywood and we show how things shift. It reminded me of the joke they say about the pioneers: they’re the ones with all the arrows in their backs. Oftentimes, these women blazed the trail, and they were pushed aside and forgotten about.”