A decade of relative calm in the island nation shattered by bombers,

After a civil war that dragged on for nearly three decades, Sri Lanka had been enjoying a decade of relative calm. That was shattered after Sunday’s co-ordinated bombing attack.

Sri Lanka is known for its tremendous natural beauty, which attracted more than 2 million tourists in 2018.

The country gained independence from British rule in 1948 as the dominion of Ceylon, and became the Republic of Sri Lanka in 1972.

But much of its history has been marred by sectarian tensions. And more recently, it has been caught up in much larger regional rivalries between China and India. Population, Ethnic Groups About 22 million people live in Sri Lanka, in communities that are often diverse and mixed. More than 70 per cent of the population is Buddhist.

Smaller ethnic and religious groups include Hindus, at over 12 per cent, Muslims at under 10 per cent, and Catholics at about 6 per cent. At least three churches were targeted by Sunday’s bombings.

Despite their clear majority, Sinhalese Buddhist nationalists have recently been stoking fears that the minority groups, particularly the Muslims, are increasing in numbers and influence.

The Tamil Tigers

A long history of disenfranchisement among minority Tamil groups, who are largely Hindu, at the hands of the Sinhalese Buddhists led to a civil war in the 1980s.

The Tamil Tigers, an armed insurgent group that identified itself as secular, launched deadly attacks, including some of the earliest use of suicide bombings as a tactic of insurgency.

In response, the Sri Lankan army carried out brutal campaigns, largely focused on the Tamil stronghold in the northeast.

The civil war ended in 2009 after a large-scale operation by the army that defeated the Tamil Tigers and killed its leader.

There is no exact casualty toll, but the United Nations has suggested that as many as 40,000 civilians were killed in the last stage of the war alone.

After the War

Many of the grievances around systematic prejudice that led to the civil war remain unaddressed.

Tamil families are still looking for thousands of people who disappeared during the war, and trying to reclaim land still held by the military.

With the rise of Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism, sectarian divides have continued to grow — and the country has experienced new waves of violence.

A rise in intolerance has been attributed in part to the postwar triumphalism of some Sinhalese majority politicians.