today in history

In AD 356, Antony of Egypt, considered the founder of Christian monasticism, died at age 105.

In 1377, despite the protest of powerful French cardinals, Pope Gregory XI returned the Roman Catholic papacy to Rome after its 70-year stay in Avignon, in southern France.

In 1694, the Bishop of Quebec read a pastoral letter declaring it a sin to “witness corrupting and impure plays,” referring to theatrical performances staged at Quebec City.

In 1706, American inventor-statesman Benjamin Franklin was born in Boston.

In 1712, British War Secretary Robert Walpole was sent to the Tower of London on charges of corruption.

In 1759, the Holy Roman Empire declared war on Prussia.

In 1773, Capt. James Cook’s ship, “Resolution,” was the first ship to cross the Antarctic Circle.

In 1874, the original Siamese twins, Chang and Eng Bunker, died at age 63.

In 1876, the Supreme Court of Canada sat for the first time.

In 1893, Hawaii’s monarchy was overthrown as a group of white businessmen and sugar planters forced Queen Liliuokalani to abdicate.

In 1899, American gangster Al Capone was born.

In 1910, Thomas Crapper, believed to be the main developer of the flush toilet mechanism, died at age 72.