Measuring Canada’s history
Should efforts to exile Canada’s pre-eminent founder, Sir John A. Macdonald, to the scrap heap of history be allowed to succeed? No. Anger at monuments and memorials misunderstands our history and misdirects our energy.
The responsibility lies not with the dead, but with the living to realize further the promise of Canada. That’s why, for example, Sen. Murray Sinclair’s call to celebrate Indigenous heroes rather than vilifying Macdonald strikes the right balance.
Those who seek to expunge Macdonald’s name from schools and monuments see our history as a caricature filled solely with racism, sexism, homophobia, colonialism, militarism, genocide and environmental destruction.
These are never weighed, however, against our impressive record of constitutional evolution, our incredible feats of nationbuilding infrastructure and institutions, our reconciliation of contending cultures, languages and religions, and our tradition of sacrifice to preserve the values that we thought most important.
Looking solely at our past errors is not the right standard by which to measure Canada or Macdonald, and their great achievements. Poverty, squalor, filth, disease and intolerance have been humanity’s lot since the beginning. Only a handful of societies have figured out, slowly and painfully, the institutions and behaviours that allow people to escape these ills.
Canada is at the forefront of those nations and it’s thanks to our history of struggle against the worst human afflictions that our critics can look back in horror at how things used to be. It’s the progress made possible by the economic, social and moral advances of our forebears that allow us to enjoy peace, order and good government in generous measure.
Confederation was no exercise in crude majoritarian triumphalism. It was an exquisitely wrought compromise between contending cultures, languages and religions that has made us one of the longest-enduring political orders on the planet. We have constantly expanded our notion of rights in response to genuine wrongs and real grievances.
As we have become wealthier, we have worked to improve our environment, our education and our social supports.
This generation is the one called upon to right the many wrongs done to Indigenous peoples in our history. In this regard, I’m inordinately proud that my institute is best known for its work on how Indigenous people, industry and governments can work collaboratively to break down the obstacles to full participation in the modern economy. In so doing, we’re not running counter to our namesakes’ inheritance, but rather modernizing it in accordance with the evolution of Canadians’ thinking.
Like the American founding fathers, Macdonald and our other founders were inspired by a vision of human freedom and flourishing. But being imperfect humans, their prejudices prevented them from understanding the potential of every human to benefit from the rights and freedoms they so rightly extolled. The history of both countries has been shaped in part by the struggle to enlarge the circle of those rights and freedoms to all: women, oppressed minorities, Indigenous people and others.
Every time we expanded the franchise, enlarged the circle of immigration, enhanced minority rights and, most recently, sought reconciliation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Canadians, we’ve done so using language, concepts and aspirations that informed Confederation.
A balanced view of our past acknowledges the imperfections of what was done, but also the soundness of the vision that inspired it and the effort made to fix our errors. We can’t change the past, but it doesn’t require us to despise our past to say that our job is to ensure past mistakes shall not be tolerated on our watch.
Sir John A. Macdonald was neither angel nor devil, but a fallible human who accomplished great things. He’s owed our thoughtful, measured thanks.