Winners and losers

OTTAWA — After 14 months of hand-wringing, there’s a new North American trade pact. Here’s an early look at some of the winners and losers in the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement:

WINNERS Automakers: A side letter published along with the main text of the agreement leaves out a percentage of eligible auto exports from tariffs.

Dispute resolution: Canada fought hard to maintain a key dispute-resolution provision, known as Chapter 19, allowing independent panels to solve disputes involving companies and governments.

Environment: A chapter in the North American Free Trade Agreement allowing companies to sue governments over perceived mistreatment has been scrapped — a move Foreign Affairs Minister Chrystia Freeland says will result in lowered penalties for taxpayers, as well as a strengthened ability to protect public health and the environment.

Cultural industries: Rules around copyright and intellectual property are set to change, extending the window after a creator’s death to preserve rights to 70 years from 50.

Online shoppers: Canadian consumers won’t have to fork out duties for online purchases from the U.S. worth up to $150, an increase from the current $20. LOSERS

Dairy farmers: The dairy industry was quick to criticize the renegotiated USMCA, saying it will limit exports while opening Canada to more American products.

Steel and aluminum sector: Industry leaders say they are disappointed the trade deal doesn’t include an end to steep U.S. tariffs.

Drugs: The deal extends patents on biological drugs to 10 years from eight.