Visible and Invisible Transfer of Pollution-intensive Industry in China

WANG Qi1,†, LIU Qiaoling2, LI Peng1

1. College of Environment Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871; 2. National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871; † E- mail: qiwang@pku.edu.cn

Abstract From the perspective of both production and consumption, this paper constructed an index of environmental resources occupation changes to assess the industrial transfer, and divided it into visible transfer based on the traditional changes of production share and invisible transfer based on the changes of consumption. The transfer among China’s 30 provinces for three major water pollution-intensive industries was analyzed. Results in the period of 2002– 2007 show that paper products industry transfers out to the eastern region, and visible transfer is dominant; chemicals industry transfers out to the eastern region as well, but invisible transfer is dominant; while agro- food processing industry transfers out to the central and western regions, and both visible and invisible transfer are significant. Given the different transfer characteristics, policies on industry transfer for different industries should be made discriminatingly in the future. Key words pollution- intensive industry; industrial transfer; visible transfer; invisible transfer

改革开放以来, 我国经济快速增长的同时也付出沉重的环境代价。为了缓解经济发展过程中的资源环境问题, 我国实施了严格的污染物控制制度, “十一五”、“十二五”时期主要污染物减排目标作为约束性指标列入国民经济社会发展规划, 并纳入地方政府政绩考核体系中。在日益严格的资源环境约束下, 国家及各级地方政府纷纷采取一系列污染减排措施。“十一五”时期, 污染末端治理措施力度空

前, 并取得显著成效。随着减排工作的推进, 电厂脱硫机组、钢铁烧结机烟气脱硫等工程减排潜力相对有限[ 1], 末端治理边际成本递增, 污染减排将逐渐向生产过程的污染产生源头延伸, 通过产业结构调整和升级等降低污染排放。2010 年, 国务院颁发《关于中西部地区承接产业转移的指导意见》, 提出中西部地区发挥资源丰富、要素成本等优势, 有序承接产业转移; 各地也出台有关产业结构调整和