EU’s Strategy for Countering U.S. Secondary Sanctions and Its Enlightenment to China：Unilateral or Multilateral

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特约责任编辑：古文

（East China University of Political Science and Law，Shanghai 200042，China）

Abstract：The U.S. secondary sanctions have a long history and the European Union ever adopted a multilateral approach to counter sanctions，such as resorting to WTO dispute settlement mechanism and supporting United Nation General Assembly resolutions condemning U.S. secondary sanctions legislation. EU intended to utilize the authority and binding force of multilateral rules to deter the U.S. from imposing secondary sanctions，but the multilateral approach is lack of efficiency and effectiveness. Since the U.S. withdrew from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action，also known as the“Iran nuclear deal”，and reimpose economic sanction on Iran，EU has adopted a unilateral approach to counter sanctions，including updating and activating the Blocking Regulation，creating the Instrument for Supporting Trade Exchanges (INSTEX) and so on，which is comprehensive and effective. However，the actual effect of EU’s anti- sanctions measures is not ideal due to the inherent imitations，such as the limited content of blocking list of the regulation，different understanding of the regulation among member states of EU and the strict operational conditions of INSTEX. The EU’s two approaches have their own advantages and disadvantages，China should appropriately combine them，draw useful experience from EU and pay attention to overcoming the defects. On one hand，we should enact blocking statute as soon as possible，actively promote the development of the Cross- border Interbank Payment System，and accelerate the process of RMB internalization，and so on. On the other hand，we should analyze the legality of U.S. secondary sanctions from the principles of international law and apply the rules of international law to counter U.S. secondary sanctions，so as to realize the constructive interaction between domestic rule of law and international rule of law，safeguard China ’s core interests and the overall interests of international society.

Key words：EU’s counter-measures；the U.S. economic sanctions；secondary sanctions；unilateral route；multilateral route