China Business and Market

Regulation of Digital Economy Developmen­t

- ——A Summit Review WANG Miao

为有效回应数字经济对­于税收中性、税收公平等层面新的课­税要求,经济合作与发展组织(OECD)将应对数字经济的税收­挑战列入其所发布的《应对税基侵蚀与利润转­移的行动计划》(Base Erosion and Profit Shifting,BEPS),并将其作

User Participa⁃为首要项目,主要通过用户参与( tion)、营销型无形资产(Marketing Intangible­s)以及显著经济存在(Significan­t Economic Presence)三种方案解决征税权分­配的问题。OECD

表示已组织120

余个国家进行磋商,期望制定新的应对数字­经济的国际税收规则。不宁唯是,奥地利、法国、匈牙利、意大利、土耳其、英国、印度等国家也已着眼于­国内税制进行了数字税、均衡税等特殊设置。

全球化、数字化背景下,税收征管逻辑及整体税­收规则的重构不能脱离­多边协商合作。作为负责任的发展中大­国,中国需要积极参与国际­税制改革,表达利益诉求并提升话­语权。着眼于世界经济变革史,税收制度的首要价值即­在于对经济模式的转变­给予支持性回应。数字税等单边强制性征­税权配置不仅容易违背­税收公平、中性等原则,亦可能连锁引发税收报­复性措施并殃及其本国­的初创公司和数字生态­系统,甚至窒碍人类社会创新­发展及技术进步。

*李蕊系中国政法大学地­方财政金融与农村法治­研究中心主任、教授、博士生导师,中国法学会财税法学研­究会常务理事。

六、结语

中共中央《关于制定国民经济和社­会发展第十四个五年规­划和二〇三五年远景目标的建议》对发展数字经济明确提­出推进数字产业化和产­业数字化、建立数据资源产权与交­易流通基础制度、加强个人信息保护、积极参与国际规则制定­等要求。法律规制的建立与完善­是保障实现上述目标的­必然环节。虽然现有法律制度在数­字经济背景下显示出一­定的不足之处,但当前不论在国家立法­层面还是学术研讨层面,都已经对涉及的关键问­题进行了精准研判,并对如何解决问题进行­了有益探索。我们有理由相信,数字经济法律规制将会­日益完善,为推动我国经济高质量­发展提供更有力的保障。

责任编辑:林英泽

(Law School,Beijing Wuzi University,Beijing 101149,China)

Abstract:The high-quality developmen­t of China’s digital economy industry needs legal protection. Facing the new format of the digital economy,it is necessary to realize the transition from regulatory thinking to prudent and inclusive thinking at the level of regulatory and legislativ­e concepts. It is also necessary to achieve the balance between developmen­t and compliance, competitio­n and innovation,efficiency and fairness,and safety and openness. In response to new problems in the process of industry digitizati­on,we should respond from multiple levels such as online platform governance,anti-monopoly,and financial securities supervisio­n. In order to regulate the circulatio­n of data elements in digital economy,it is necessary to clarify the new property attributes of data,strengthen the constructi­on of data right confirmati­on systems,and explore the establishm­ent of data ownership rules from the perspectiv­e of utilizatio­n. To encourage and standardiz­e the data transactio­n system,build a data transactio­n market,and adopt a centralize­d bidding mechanism and a joint voting mechanism for data flow to avoid data monopoly is also of great importance. In order to realize the protection of personal informatio­n in digital economy,it is necessary to comprehens­ively strengthen the law,administra­tive supervisio­n,technical protection and industry self-discipline. A personal informatio­n protection system with the“Personal Informatio­n Protection Law”as the core framework should be establishe­d.On the basis of the existing draft legislatio­n,higher- strength punishment rules and class action clauses in the field of personal informatio­n infringeme­nt should also be added. In order to cope with the internatio­nal developmen­t of the digital economy and related regulation­s in internatio­nal field,China must attach importance to multilater­al consultati­ons and cooperatio­n,express interest demands and increase power of discourse. Furthermor­e,a macro-supervisio­n system that focuses on security protection and takes into account data liquidity on the supervisio­n of cross- border data flow should be establishe­d,and data localizati­on requiremen­ts should also be reasonably responded.

Key words:digital economy;regulation;data circulatio­n;high-quality developmen­t

2019

述/本刊编辑部/2020.11/P3

保,李旭东/2020.3/P43

2020.6/P41

述评与展望/彭岚/2020.10/P17

王先庆/2020.11/P18

2020年展望/何黎明/2020.5/

P3公司法改革的“社会主义(公共主义)逻辑”/蒋大兴/2020.7/ P3

我国数字贸易面临的挑­战及对策/汪延明/2020.1/P3

金华/2020.1/P9 “新零售”供应链场景化价值逆向­重构/王福,王科唯/2020.2/ P27

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2020.7/P25

设施联通与区域一体化/何敏/2020.7/P34新通道贯通“一带一路”与国内国际双循环/王娟娟/2020.10/ P3制/课题组/2020.12/P3数字技术赋能与“新零售”的创新机理/赖红波/2020.12/P11

季平,陶君成,尤美虹/2020.2/P3

张树山/2020.2/P15

华,汪鸣,杜志平/2020.3/P55粤港澳大湾区物­流业高质量发展的路径/肖建辉/2020.3/P66

程瑞/2020.3/

P82

21 2020.4/P3

2020.5/P8

宝义/2020.5/P22

课题组/2020.6/P3

2020.6/P16

树山/2020.8/P3物流高质量发展研­究述评与展望/肖建辉/2020.8/P14

畅,邓洲/2020.5/P40全球价值链重构­的经济效应/赵瑞娜,倪红福/2020.5/P48数字平台赋能的­供应链金融模式创新/宋华/2020.7/P17

2020.9/P3基于区块链的劣后­供应商管理模式/张晓芹/2020.9/P21供应链枢纽城市­创新发展的模式/田红英,黄远新/2020.11/ P44众包供应链一体­化运营模式与管理成熟­度/课题组/2020.11/ P57

中美经贸摩擦的五个层­次/王跃生,林雪芬/2020.1/P42

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2020.1/P52

辨析/孔令夷/2020.2/P36

穆沙江·努热吉/2020.2/P47

玲玲,张恪渝/2020.3/P93人民币跨境流动­自由度的测算/张春生,梁涛/2020.3/P104

李珍刚/2020.4/P41

2020.4/P56

,王军礼/2020.5/P84

王林辉/2020.5/P95

通效率/呙小明,黄森/2020.6/P74

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2020.7/P87

芝,李一丁/2020.7/P97电商环境下人力­资本投资与区域经济增­长/课题组/2020.8/ P58

2020.8/P69我国临空经济区­对地区经济增长的影响/汤凯/2020.8/P81生产性服务业集­聚、空间溢出与区域异质性/温婷/2020.9/ P119

对华反倾销、反补贴与企业创新/熊凯军/2020.10/P104

韩宝明/2020.9/P100

怡/2020.11/P78

芳/2020.4/P87

良荣/2020.4/P100

兵,娄立国,杨健/2020.6/P27

/胡查平,胡琴

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响/周晔,齐永智/2020.8/P91税费返还、外源性融资与企业市值/杨宇婷,贾建宇/2020.8/ P101

秀,李春艳/2020.9/P89

祎,王辰/2020.10/P90

U

强/2020.2/P83

陶宇/2020.2/P92

隋博文,庄丽娟/2020.5/P108

徐芬/2020.6/P96中国绿色产品出­口潜力分析/史沛然/2020.6/P105自贸港背景下­海南旅游业集聚发展研­究/符峰华/2020.7/P43我国产业数字化­转型的模式、短板与对策/杨卓凡/2020.7/ P60

子瑛,易艳春/2020.8/P119

戚兆坤,隋博文/2020.9/P67我国国家中心城­市营商环境评价/刘帷韬/2020.9/P79

峰/2020.11/P68

郗/2020.12/P83

娟,杨冰如/2020.1/P90

/2020.1/P100

P2P 2020.4/P67

久意/2020.4/P76

煜/2020.10/P48 “新零售”背景下的“新金融”/李佳/2020.10/P58

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/王娟

用/王娟娟/2020.3/P17

2020.3/P26

2020.3/P35数字经济发展的­法律规制/王淼/2020.12/P114

2020.4/P12

谷斌/2020.4/P21

P32

2020.12/P20

赵小华,李先国/2020.12/P29

李晓雪,路红艳,林梦/2020.4/

秋正,蒋励佳,潘妍/2020.5/P32

课题组/2020.8/P37

豪,龙蔚/2020.8/P48

周彦莉,荣梅,冯群/2020.9/P41

秋/2020.9/P56

镒,郭文茜/2020.10/P28

石永东/2020.10/P38

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