Vietnam’s shrimp farmers fish for fortunes
SOC TRANG, Vietnam — With a flashy gold watch and a chunky matching ring, Tang Van Cuol looks a far cry from the average Vietnamese farmer as he slings back a shot of rice wine and boasts about his projected earnings.
After years scratching a living growing rice and onions or farming ducks, the 54-year-old says his life was transformed in 2000 — by shrimp.
The Mekong Delta, long renowned as the “rice bowl of Vietnam”, is now also home to a multibillion-dollar shrimp industry and burgeoning numbers of farmers are building fortunes from the small crustaceans.
“Raising shrimp can bring so much income, nothing can compare,” Cuol says over lunch with friends, a healthy spread of rice, salad, pork and — of course — shrimp.
This year he expects to make one billion dong, or around $44,000 — an enormous sum in the delta, where rice farmers make around $100 a month.
The shrimp bonanza began in the 1990s when rising sealevels seeped saltwater into the Mekong Delta.
It has surged in parallel with demand from the United States and European Union.
Savvy locals were swift to spot the changing conditions were ripe for shrimp farming.
The wealth has transformed Cuol’s part of Soc Trang Province: Motorbikes have replaced bicycles on newly-paved roads dotted with multistory concrete homes unimaginable just a generation ago.
Cuol, who owns several motorbikes, funded his daughter’s wedding and claims an impressive collection of antiques “worth hundreds of millions of dong”.
But environmentalists warn that the bounty from intensive shrimp farming may be shortlived.
Today, pollution and disease frequently lay waste to crustacean harvests.
But a wider crisis is looming caused by the obliteration of mangrove forests to make way for farms, exposing the area to lashings from storms and further rises in sea level linked to climate change.
“This is not sustainable,” said Andrew Wyatt, Mekong Delta Program Manager at the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
Crisis is looming
The agency is encouraging farmers to preserve mangroves and stop using harmful chemicals so their shrimp can be certified as organic, earning a five to 10 percent premium in the process.
Yet shrimp farmers say the financial rewards are too great to ignore.
Just like his father and grandfather, Tang Van Tuoi struggled as a rice farmer.
He slept under a roof fash- ioned from coconut palms, earning just enough to support his family.
But when saltwater started creeping into his rice fields — he saw an opportunity and started harvesting shrimp.
“Now everything is developed, we have vehicles, roads, things have changed massively,” he said from his polished living room, where a flat-screen TV hangs over a wood furniture set.
Even in a bad year, he can earn more than he did as a rice farmer. In a good year he can rake in upward of $40,000.
Flush with cash, he has built three homes for his family.
“We have money, we have enough of everything,” said the father of six, as his granddaughter played a video game on a smartphone nearby.
But he admits that such farming is a gamble.
His ponds have been hit by disease and pollution.